مستعمرة الأبناء

الأبناء كان اسم مستعمرة في اليمن قبيل الإسلام وفي مطلعه، وهم المنحدرين من الضباط والجنود الساسانيين من أصل فارسي تزاوجوا مع نساء العرب المحليات. أولئك الفرس كانوا يعيشون في حاميات في صنعاء ومحيطها بعد Sasanian reconquest of Yemen في ع570.

According to a commentary on a poem by أبو الفرج الاصفهاني في كتاب الأغاني, up to his time (10th century), these people were called بنو الأحرار) في صنعاء والأبناء في اليمن.

What is known about their history is mostly about their early (Persian conquest of Yemen) and their late history (during the rise of Islam). It is uncertain whether they kept practicing Zoroastrianism, or had been influenced by the South Arabian paganism and the local Christianity. According to الطبري, Khurrah Khosraw (خره خسرو), the fourth Sasanian governor of Yemen, was replaced by Badhan (باذان) due to too much assimilation of the former to the local society.

The authority of the Persian governors of Yemen was reduced during the الحرب البيزنطية الساسانية 602–628. This coincided with the rise of Islam. The Persian leaders in Yemen, including Badhan, فيروز الديلمي، و وهب بن منبه, responded favorably to the diplomatic missions from Muhammad, and converted to Islam in 631. After Badhan's death, his son Shahr (شهر) partially replaces his father as governor, but is killed by the rebellious الأسود العنسي, who claimed prophet-hood, in the حرب الردة الأولى. Al-Aswad was later killed by فيروز الديلمي، who became the governor of Yemen. After that, غيث بن عبد يغوث rebels, this time against al-abna' themselves, seeking their expulsion from the Arabian Peninsula. دادويه، أحد زعماء الأبناء، قـُتـِل، بينما تمكن فيروز الديلمي و Jushnas (Gushnasp) من الهرب مع حلفائهم، ولاحقاً هزما غيث بن عبد يغوث. فيروز الديلمي and the abna' were later active in the fertile crescent and Yemen under Caliph Umar during the حرب الردة الثانية.

The abna' retained their distinct identity during the Islamic period. Their nisba was al-Abnāwī (الأبناوي). These people were gradually absorbed into the local population and thus disappeared from records. There is a village named Al-Abna' in the modern Bani Hushaysh District, Sanaa Governorate, Yemen.

This title "al-abna'" may have been the root of the title "al-abna'" used to refer to the influential Persians of Baghdad in Abbasid period. The "abna'" recorded in some conflicts among Arabs of Khorasan in Umayyad period is not related to the abna' of Yemen.

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 المصادر

• Zakeri, Mohsen (1995). Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 1–391. ISBN 3447036524. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bosworth, C. E. (1983). "Abnāʾ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 3. pp. 226–228. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Potts, Daniel T. (2012). "Arabia ii. The Sasanians and Arabia". Encyclopaedia Iranica. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kennedy, H. (1988). "Baghdad i. The Iranian Connection: Before the Mongol Invasion". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 4. pp. 412–415. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)