مركب غير مشبع
في الكيمياء يكون المركب غير المشبع هو المركب الكيميائي الذي يحتوي على رابطة باي بين كربون-كربون مثل الألكينات أو الألكاينات. بينما المركبات المشبعة لا يوجد بها روابط باي، ولا توجد روابط عديدة بين كربون-كربون. ويتم تقسيم الأحماض الدهنية إلى مشبعة أو غير مشبعة طبقا لعدد اليود الخاص بها.
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الكيمياء العضوية
Unsaturated compounds carry out typical addition reactions that are not possible with saturated compounds such as alkanes. A saturated organic compound has only single bonds between carbon atoms. An important class of saturated compounds are the alkanes. Many saturated compounds have functional groups, e.g., alcohols.
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| 1-Octanol | |
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| Saturated fatty acids | |
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المركبات العضوية غير المشبعة
The concept of saturation can be described using various naming systems, formulas, and analytical tests. For instance, IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming conventions used to describe the type and location of unsaturation within organic compounds. The "degree of unsaturation" is a formula used to summarize and diagram the amount of hydrogen that a compound can bind. Unsaturation can be determined by NMR, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy, or by determining a compound's bromine number or iodine number.[1]
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الأحماض الدهنية
The terms saturated vs unsaturated are often applied to the fatty acid constituents of fats. The triglycerides (fats) that comprise tallow are derived from the saturated stearic and monounsaturated oleic acids.[2] Many vegetable oils contain fatty acids with one (monounsaturated) or more (polyunsaturated) double bonds in them.
المركبات المشبعة وغير المشبعة وراء الكيمياء العضوية
كيمياء الفلزات العضوية
In organometallic chemistry, an coordinatively unsaturated complex has fewer than 18 valence electrons and thus is susceptible to oxidative addition or coordination of an additional ligand. Unsaturation is characteristic of many catalysts. The opposite of coordinatively unsaturated is coordinatively saturated. Complexes that are coordinatively saturated rarely exhibit catalytic properties.[3][4]
الأسطح
In physical chemistry, when referring to surface processes, saturation denotes the degree at which a binding site is fully occupied. For example, base saturation refers to the fraction of exchangeable cations that are base cations.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ قالب:March6th
- ^ Alfred Thomas (2002). "Fats and Fatty Oils". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173.
- ^ Hartwig, J. F. Organotransition Metal Chemistry, from Bonding to Catalysis; University Science Books: New York, 2010. ISBN 1-891389-53-X
- ^ "IUPAC definition of Coordinatively Unsaturated Complex".