مرتل
المرتـِّل cantor أو chanter هو الشخص الذي يقود آخرين في إنشاد أو تلاوة صلوات. Cantor as a profession generally refers to those leading a Jewish congregation, although it also applies to the lead singer or choir director in Christian contexts.[1] In formal Jewish worship, a cantor is a person who sings solo verses or passages to which the choir or congregation responds.
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استعراض
The term itself is derived from the Latin for "singer",[2] though it is frequently used to translate a range of equivalent terms in other languages, such as for the leader of singing on a traditional chundan vallam or snake boat of Kerala.
دور المرتل
اليهودية
In Judaism, a cantor sings and leads congregants in prayer in Jewish religious services, and they serve as clergy in their congregations. They are also sometimes called a huzzan, which is the Hebrew term for the role.[1]
A cantor goes through years of extensive religious education, similar to that of a rabbi, in order to become officially recognized as such. They often come from a long line of cantors in their family; born with a natural gift of singing with extensive vocal range.
A cantor is a role most commonly seen in Reform and Conservative Judaism. Orthodox Judaism only allows men to be cantors, though cantors are relatively uncommon in Orthodox Judaism.[3] Many other branches of Ashkenazi Judaism allow women to serve as cantors. Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism ordain cantors from seminaries.[4]
Cantors in Sephardic communities are often called paytan, and they are increasingly hired for their role within Sephardi synagogues, rather than being a member of the community who takes on the role.[4]
الإسلام
In Islam, the role of cantor is fulfilled by an ordained muezzin, who calls the adhan in Islam for prayer, that serves as clergy in their congregations and perform all ministerial rites as imams.
المسيحية
A cantor in Christianity is an ecclesiastical officer that leads liturgical music. In some branches of Christianity, the lead cantor is called the precentor, and is assisted by a succentor.
In the Greek Orthodox Church, the Protopsaltis is the cantor of the right choir, and the Lampadarios is the cantor of the left choir. Both must be familiar with Byzantine musical notation.[5]
See also
References
- ^ أ ب "Cantor | Berklee". www.berklee.edu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ Lewis and Short (1879). "A Latin Dictionary".
- ^ Fishkoff, Sue (2008-08-15). "RIP: Orthodox cantoring". Jewish Telegraphic Agency (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ أ ب "What Is A Cantor (Hazzan or Chazan)?". My Jewish Learning (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ "Annunciation Greek Orthodox Cathedral - Psaltic Art". annunciationbaltimore.org. Retrieved 2024-01-30.