مراقبة الجامعات

مراقبة الجامعات
تأسست2002 من قبل دانيال بايبس
الموقع
الأشخاص البارزون
وينفيلد مايرز، مدير
الموقع الإلكترونيCampus-Watch.org

مراقبة الجامعات أوكامبس وتش (بالإنجليزية: Campus Watch) هو مشروع وتنظيم على الالانترنت تابع لـمنتدى الشرق الأوسط، وهو مركز أبحاث ومقره في فيلادلفيا، في بنسلفانيا. وبحسب الموقع، فإنه يهدف لـ "مراجعة ونقد دراسات الشرق الأوسط في أمريكا الشمالية بهدف تحسينها."[1] فيما يعتبر ناقدو المشروع، انه مؤيداً لإسرائيل، ويعمل كمنظمة ضغط متورطة في مضايقة العلماء والباحثين الذين ينتقدون إسرائيل من خلال وضعهم في قوائم سوداء وترهيبهم.[2][3][4] أطلق مشروع "مراقبة الجامعات" في عام 2002 من قبل مدير منتدى الشرق الأوسط دانيال بايبس. ويديره حالياً وينفيلد مايرز.[5]

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قضايا

تشجع "مراقبة الجامعات" الطلاب على تقديم تقارير عن أساتذة الكلية.[2]في عام 2002، أثارت "مراقبة الجامعات" جدلاً عندما جمعت هذه التقارير في "ملفات" تنتقد العديد من الأساتذة في معاهد التعليم العالي في الولايات المتحدة، حيث قامت بنشر تفاصيل "تصريحاتهم المعادية لإسرائيل" المفترضة.[6] وردًا على نشر الملفات على موقعها على الإنترنت،قام العديد من الأفراد بإرسال رسائل بريد إلكتروني ومكالمات هاتفية مزعجة إلى الأساتذة، ما عرض الموقع للنقد الشديد في وسائل الإعلام بسبب ما وصف أنه سلوك يقوم على أسس "المكارثية".[7][8][9] The Campus Watch project was derided as a "War on Academic Freedom";[3] in protest, more than 100 academics asked to be listed along with those accused by Campus Watch.[7][10] The response of Judith Butler, a comparative literature professor at Berkeley, was circulated on the Internet:

I have recently learned that your organization is compiling dossiers on professors at U.S. academic institutions who oppose the Israeli occupation and its brutality, actively support Palestinian rights of self-determination as well as a more informed and intelligent view of Islam than is currently represented in the U.S. media. I would be enormously honored to be counted among those who actively hold these positions and would like to be included in the list of those who are struggling for justice.[9]

Rashid Khalidi, a professor at Columbia University who was the subject of a critical dossier on the website, suggested that the Campus Watch campaign was an attempt to silence legitimate criticism, "by tarring it with the brush of anti-Semitism and anti-Americanism, truly loathsome charges."[11] Khalidi taped an anonymous phone call he received, subsequent to the Campus Watch dossier publication, that says: "Khalidi, Columbia alumni love Campus Watch because they keep an eye on thugs like you. We have our eye on you. You'd better watch out."[12]

After two weeks, Campus Watch removed the dossiers from its website.[13] It continues to collect information from students,[2] though it no longer publishes such dossiers.[14] According to Juan Cole, one of the professors who was subject to Campus Watch's dossiers, the website continued to spread false information about him even after the dossiers were removed: "The removal of the individual dossiers is merely a cosmetic change, since the same academics are still being spied on, only under the rubric of spying on their campuses instead."[15]


Criticism

An article in The Nation suggests that Daniel Pipes is "an anti-Arab propagandist", and his Campus Watch project aims to "smear" academics critical of the Israeli occupation or of American foreign policy.[3] Campus Watch's project was identified, in The Nation and elsewhere,[16] as resembling a decades-old AIPAC project:

In 1979 the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) formed its Political Leadership Development Program, which "educates and trains young leaders in pro-Israel political advocacy," enlisting hundreds of college students to collect information on pro-Palestinian professors and student organizations. By 1983 the program had attracted more than 5,000 students on 350 campuses in all fifty states. The next year the findings were published as The AIPAC College Guide: Exposing the Anti-Israel Campaign on Campus, which surveyed 100 campuses and instructed students on how best to counter a "steady diet of anti-Israel vituperation." Around the same time, the Anti-Defamation League covertly distributed a twenty-one-page booklet containing "background information on pro-Arab sympathizers active on college campuses" who "use their anti-Zionism as merely a guise for their deeply felt anti-Semitism."

Joel Beinin, who has often been criticized by Campus Watch, has accused Daniel Pipes of being "beholden to Israeli right wing politics."[17] According to Beinin, "After failing in his own pursuit of an academic career, Pipes has evidently decided to take revenge on the scholarly community that rejected him", in the form of the Campus Watch website.[17] Pipes strongly denied Beinin's charges, writing that he was "offered a tenure-track position and turned it down, preferring to write than teach".[18] while simultaneously attacking Beinin "of credentialitis, the disease that places more emphasis on qualifications than achievements"[18] and the fact that "Harvard's doctoral program in history turned him down but awarded me a Ph.D.."[18] Beinin has also alleged that Campus Watch "makes comments" about the ethnic and cultural background of scholars.[19]

In their book The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt wrote that

The Lobby also monitors what professors write and teach. In September 2002, for example, Martin Kramer and Daniel Pipes, two passionately pro-Israel neoconservatives, established a website (Campus Watch) that posted dossiers on suspect academics and encouraged students to report remarks or behavior that might be considered hostile to Israel. This transparent attempt to blacklist and intimidate scholars prompted a harsh reaction, and Pipes and Kramer later removed the dossiers, but the website still invites students to report "anti-Israel" activity.[20]

Pipes responded to part of the Mearsheimer and Walt allegations, writing

This account is inaccurate in several ways (e.g. Martin Kramer had no role in founding Campus Watch), but I write specifically to state that no 'Lobby' told me to start Campus Watch. Neither the Middle East Forum nor myself has ever taken orders from some mythical 'Lobby', and specifically I decided to establish Campus Watch on my own, without direction from any outside source. I challenge Mearsheimer and Walt to provide their information that connects this 'Lobby' to my decision to establish Campus Watch.[21]

Later he wrote that "Mearsheimer and Walt unconditionally concede they have no information about the alleged “lobby” giving me orders concerning Campus Watch, confirming the falsehood of their initial claim"[21] and furthermore added

Campus Watch is to Middle East studies as political analysis to politics, film criticism to movies, and consumer reports to manufacturing; we provide assessments for the public. Unlike politicians, actors, and business executives, who accept criticism with good grace, academics howl with umbrage at being judged.[21]

Response

According to Campus Watch, it "critiques Middle East studies in North America regardless of whether they address Israel."[14] In response to what it refers to as "a campaign of vilification and distortion" by critics, Campus Watch states:

  • Campus Watch supports the unencumbered freedom of speech of all scholars, regardless of their views.
  • Campus Watch takes no position on individual academic appointments.
  • Academic freedom does not mean freedom from criticism; to the contrary, no one enjoys privileges in the free marketplace of ideas.
  • The charge of "McCarthyism" has come up so often that we address this in a separate study which demonstrates why the charge is ignorant, intolerant, and ultimately self-serving.
  • We challenge scholars of Middle Eastern studies to abandon the crude resort to insults and engage Campus Watch on the substance of our analysis.[1]

References

  1. ^ أ ب About Campus Watch, Campus Watch website. Accessed 2010-12-20.
  2. ^ أ ب ت "Campus Watch". New York Review of Books. July 13, 2006.
  3. ^ أ ب ت McNeil, Kristine (November 11, 2002). "The War on Academic Freedom". The Nation.
  4. ^ John J. Mearsheimer, Stephen M. Walt. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy, 2007, page 179
  5. ^ Pipes, Daniel (September 19, 2007). "Five Years of Campus Watch". The Jerusalem Post.[dead link]
  6. ^ Langeland, Terje, "A Spy in the Ivory Tower," Colorado Springs Independent, Oct. 3, 2002, reprinted on alternet.org. Accessed Dec. 20, 2010.
  7. ^ أ ب Schevitz, Tanya (September 8, 2002). "Professors Want Own Names Put on Mideast Blacklist". San Francisco Chronicle.
  8. ^ Strindberg, Anders (February 2, 2004). "The New Commissars: Congress threatens to cut off funding to collegiate Mideast Studies departments that refuse to toe the neocon line". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  9. ^ أ ب Lewin, Tamar (September 27, 2002). "Web Site Fuels Debate on Campus Anti-Semitism". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Beinin, J. (2003). "The Israelization of American Middle East Policy Discourse" (PDF). Social Text. 21 (2\_ 75): 125–140. doi:10.1215/01642472-21-2_75-125. S2CID 143772997. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  11. ^ "ADC Denounces New Efforts to Chill Academic Freedom". Press Release. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. September 26, 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  12. ^ North, Michael (28 January 2005). "We have our eye on you...so watch out". Times Higher Education.
  13. ^ Schevitz, Tanya (October 3, 2002). "'Dossiers' Dropped from Web Blacklist". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  14. ^ أ ب Myers, Winfield. "Setting The Record Straight: Response to Hassan Nafaa".
  15. ^ "Pro-Israel Web Site Removes 'Dossiers' It Was Keeping on Professors". Chronicle of Higher Education October 1, 2002
  16. ^ Stephen M. E. Marmura. Hegemony in the digital age: the Arab/Israeli conflict online. Lexington Books, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7391-1772-9. Page 33
  17. ^ أ ب Beinin, Joel (September 30, 2002). "Who's Watching the Watchers?". History News Network.
  18. ^ أ ب ت Pipes, Daniel, "Department of Corrections (of Others' Factual Mistakes about Me): Joel Beinin lies about me," danielpipes.org, October 1, 2004. Accessed December 20, 2010.
  19. ^ [1] Salaita, Steven, "Curricular Activism and Academic Freedom," Arab Studies Quarterly, 2008, reprinted in britannica.com.] Accessed Dec. 20, 2010.
  20. ^ Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. (March 13, 2006). "The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) See also The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy.
  21. ^ أ ب ت Pipes, Daniel (May 12, 2006). "Is Campus Watch Part of a Conspiracy? (On Mearsheimer-Walt and The "Israeli Lobby")". Originally published in FrontPage Magazine.

External links

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