مجال هبل العميق

The Hubble Deep Field

حقل هابل العميق Hubble Deep Field هو بقعة سماوية مثيرة تحتوى على أكثر من الف مجرة لم يرها أحد من قبل .ففى ديسمبر -كانون الأول من سنة 1955م ركز تلسكوب الفضاء هابل على بقعة سماوية واحدة لمدة عشرة ايام متتالية فكشف عن وجود 1500 مجرة على أقل تقدير من مراحل نشوء مختلفة .

بعض تلك المجرات خافت 4 مليارات مرة أكثر مما تستطيع العين المجردة رؤيته ويعود الى بداية الكون تقريبا إن اكتشاف هذا الحقل وفر لعلماء الكون مادة كونية مهمة لدراسة عدد المجرات الموجودة في الكون وكيفية تكونها.

The dramatic improvement in Hubble's imaging capabilities after corrective optics were installed encouraged attempts to obtain very deep images of distant galaxies.

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 اختيار الهدف

The HDF is at the centre of this image of one degree of sky

 ملاحظات

The HDF was located in Hubble's northern Continuous Viewing Zone, as shown by this diagram.

 تجهيز البيانات

A section of the HDF about 14 arcseconds across in each of the four wavelengths used to construct the final version: 300 nm (top left), 450 nm (top right), 606 nm (bottom left) and 814 nm (bottom right)

 النتائج العلمية

Details from the HDF illustrate the wide variety of galaxy shapes, sizes and colours found in the distant universe.

 متابعة متعددة التردد

The HDF imaged by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The top segment shows the foreground objects in the field; the bottom shows the background with the foreground objects removed.

 انظر أيضا

• تلسكوب الفضاء هبل
• مجال هبل فائق العمق Hubble Ultra-Deep Field

 ملاحظات ومصادر

• مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |طبعة أولى coauthors= (help)

 ببليوگرافيا

• Abraham, R.G. (1996). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The Morphologies of Distant Galaxies. II. Classifications from the Hubble Space Telescope Medium Deep Survey"]. Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 107: 1–17. doi:10.1086/192352. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Alcock, C.; et al. (1992). "[[[:قالب:Adsabs]] The search for massive compact halo objects with a (semi) robotic telescope]" in 103rd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. A.V. Fillipenko Robotic telescopes in the 1990s 34: 193–202. ISBN 0-937707-53-8. 
• Beckwith, S.V. (2006). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The Hubble Ultra Deep Field"]. The Astronomical Journal. 132 (5): 1729–1755. doi:10.1086/507302. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Casertano, S. (2000). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "WFPC2 Observations of the Hubble Deep Field South"]. The Astronomical Journal. 120 (6): 2747–2824. doi:10.1086/316851. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Connolly, A.J. (1997). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The evolution of the global star formation history as measured from the Hubble Deep Field"]. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 486: L11. doi:10.1086/310829. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Ferguson, H.C. (2000a). "The Hubble Deep Fields" in Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems IX. N. Manset, C. Veillet, and D. Crabtree ASP Conference Proceedings 216: 395, Astronomical Society of the Pacific. ISBN 1-58381-047-1. 
• Ferguson, H.C. (2000b). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The Hubble Deep Fields"]. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 38: 667–715. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.667. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Ferguson, A.S. (1998). "The Hubble deep field". Reviews in Modern Astronomy. 11: 83–115.
• Flynn, C. (1996). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "Hubble Deep Field Constraint on Baryonic Dark Matter"]. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 466: L55–L58. doi:10.1086/310174. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Garrett, M.A. (2000). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "WSRT observations of the Hubble Deep Field region"]. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 361: L41–L44. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Garrett, M.A. (2001). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "AGN and starbursts at high redshift: High resolution EVN radio observations of the Hubble Deep Field"]. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 366: L5–L8. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000537. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Hansen, B.M.S. (1998). "[[[:قالب:Adsabs]] Observational signatures of old white dwarfs]" in 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology. J Paul, T Montmerle, and E Aubourg. قالب:Arxiv. ; also published in [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] Nature 394: 860].
• Hornschemeier, A.E. (2000). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "X-Ray sources in the Hubble Deep Field detected by Chandra"]. The Astrophysical Journal. 541 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1086/309431. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Richards, E.A. (1998). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "Radio Emission from Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field"]. The Astronomical Journal. 116 (3): 1039–1054. doi:10.1086/300489. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Rowan-Robinson, M. (1997). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "Observations of the Hubble Deep Field with the Infrared Space Observatory — V. Spectral energy distributions, starburst models and star formation history"]. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 289 (2): 490–496. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Trauger, J.T. (1994). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The on-orbit performance of WFPC2"]. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 435 (1): L3–L6. doi:10.1086/187580. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Trimble, V. (1987). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "Existence and nature of dark matter in the universe"]. Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics. 25: 425–472. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.002233. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help)
• Williams, R.E. (1996). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The Hubble Deep Field: Observations, Data Reduction, and Galaxy Photometry"]. The Astronomical Journal. 112: 1335–1389. doi:10.1086/118105. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Williams, R.E. (2000). [[[:قالب:Adsabs]] "The Hubble Deep Field South: Formulation of the Observing Campaign"]. The Astronomical Journal. 120 (6): 2735–2746. doi:10.1086/316854. {{cite journal}}: Check |url= value (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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 وصلات خارجية

• "The Hubble Deep Field". STScI. Main Hubble Deep Field website.
• "Hubble's Deepest View of the Universe Unveils Bewildering Galaxies across Billions of Years". January 15, 1996. NASA's original press release.
• "Opus Cartoon". salon. Opus Cartoon.