ماغنافوكس أوديسي

Magnavox Odyssey

A Magnavox Odyssey and one of its two controllers
Developer	Sanders Associates
Manufacturer	Magnavox
Product family	Odyssey series
Type	Home video game console
Generation	First generation
Release date	September 1972 UK
Introductory price	US$99٫95 (about $555 in 2024)
Discontinued	1975
Units sold	350,000
Controller input	Two paddles, light gun
Successor	Magnavox Odyssey 100/Magnavox Odyssey 2

ماگناڤوكس أوديسي (Magnavox Odyssey) هو أول نظام ألعاب فيديو منزلي، صدر في مايو 1972، قبل جهاز أتاري بونگ بثلاثة أعوام بواسطة شركة ماگناڤوكس. الجهاز صمم من قبل رالف باير الذي عمل على النموذج حتى عام 1968. على خلاف أغلب أنظمة ألعاب الفيديو، يستخدم أدويسي النظام التناظري بدلاً من النظام الرقمي. يستخدم النظام ألعاب كارتريدج. لم يكن هناك قابلية لإصدار الصوت من الجهاز، وهذا الأمر لم يكن غريباً في ذلك الوقت. تم إنتاج جهاز تالٍ للأوديسي وهو ماغنافوكس أوديسي 2 في عام 1978. بعد فترة وجيزة تم إصدار أول أداة تصويب نحو الشاشة وهي المسدس الخفيف (Shooting Gallery).

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 الألعاب

Games

Title	Game card	Description	US version	International version
Table Tennis	1	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; does not use an overlay	Included with console	Included with console
Ski	2	One player moves a dot representing a skier back and forth as they go down a mountain path; players must keep track of their own time and penalties	Included with console	Included with console
Simon Says	2	A three player game where two players must race to touch the body part of their chosen character's picture when the third player tells them to, based on a deck of Simon Says cards	Included with console	Included with console
Tennis	3	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a tennis court and players are intended to follow the rules of tennis	Included with console	Included with console
Analogic	3	A math game where players can move to either squares depicted on the overlay based on if the number on the square is even or odd and is the sum of the other player's move and another number	Included with console	Included with console
Hockey	3	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a hockey rink and players score only if the puck reaches the opponent's goal on the overlay	Included with console	Included with console
Football	3, 4	Two players use a combination of on-screen movement, dice, and play cards to simulate a game of football; kickoff, passing, and punting plays use Card #3, while running plays use Card #4	Included with console	{{N/A}}
Cat and Mouse	4	A two player chase game played on a grid, with the mouse attempting to return to its house before the cat catches it	Included with console	Sold separately
Haunted House	4	A two player chase game played on a haunted house overlay, with the detective trying to collect all of the clue cards without being caught by the ghost	Included with console	Sold separately
Submarine	5	A target shooting game, with one player moving a submarine along shipping lanes and the other player using their spot as a torpedo	Included with console	Included with console
Roulette	6	A game of chance where players bet with chips, and randomly spin their controller dial to launch a spot at a roulette wheel overlay	Included with console	Sold separately
States	6	An educational game played with an overlay of the United States and a deck of fifty trivia cards with questions about each state	Included with console	{{N/A}}
Fun Zoo	2	A racing game using an overlay of a zoo, with a third player drawing animal cards for the players to race to	Sold separately	{{N/A}}
Baseball	3	Two players use a combination of on-screen movement, dice, and play cards to simulate a game of baseball	Sold separately	{{N/A}}
Invasion	4, 5, 6	A combination of strategic moves made on a separate game board and tactical combat resolved on the screen; different assaults use different cards	Sold separately	{{N/A}}
Wipeout	5	A racing game using both a track overlay and a game board; the game board keeps track of laps and the second player's dot along with the ball dot keeps time	Sold separately	Included with console
Volleyball	7	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a volleyball court, and players must knock the ball over the net for scores to count	Sold separately	Included with console
Soccer	8	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a soccer court and players score only if the ball reaches the opponent's goal on the overlay	{{N/A}}	Included with console
Handball	8	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a handball court, and players are both on the same side of the screen with a wall on the other side	Sold separately	{{N/A}}
Prehistoric Safari	9	One player sets their dot on overlays of prehistoric animals, while the other player attempts to shoot the dot with the light gun in as few shots as possible	Sold with light gun	Sold with light gun
Dogfight!	9	One player moves their dot along a flight path on the overlay, while the other player attempts to shoot it with the light gun	Sold with light gun	Sold with light gun
Shootout!	9	One player is a bandit in an Old West town, and moves along a path, stopping at windows for the other player to try to shoot with the light gun	Sold with light gun	Sold with light gun
Shooting Gallery	10	The overlay contains rows of shooting gallery targets, and the player attempts to shoot the computer-controlled dot with the light gun as it moves over them	Sold with light gun	Sold with light gun
Percepts	2	A racing game in which the overlay has squares containing patterns and symbols on them; players race to the correct square when the corresponding card is drawn from a deck	Free with survey	{{N/A}}
Brain Wave	3	A complicated strategy game using cards and dice	Sold separately (1973)	{{N/A}}
W.I.N.	4	Players move their dot to symbols on the overlay to fill out their "Win card", while their dot is invisible until the reset button is pressed	Sold separately (1973)	{{N/A}}
Basketball	8	Two players use paddles to knock a ball back and forth on a screen; uses an overlay of a basketball court	Sold separately (1973)	{{N/A}}
Interplanetary Voyage	12	The player guides their dot, which has momentum, to planets to complete missions given by cards with a maximum number of moves allowed	Sold separately (1973)	{{N/A}}

 المصادر

• Baer, Ralph H. (April 26, 2005). Videogames: In the Beginning. Rolenta Press. ISBN 978-0-9643848-1-1.
• DeMaria, Rusel; Wilson, Johnny L. (December 2003). High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games (2nd ed.). McGraw Hill/Osborne. ISBN 978-0-07-223172-4.
• Donovan, Tristan (April 20, 2010). Replay: The History of Video Games. Yellow Ant. ISBN 978-0-9565072-0-4.
• Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (November 25, 2012). Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun. Syzygy Press. ISBN 978-0-9855974-0-5.
• Smith, Alexander (November 27, 2019). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry. Vol. 1: 1971 – 1982. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-138-38990-8.
• Wolf, Mark J. P. (November 30, 2007). The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33868-7.
• Wolf, Mark J. P. (June 5, 2012). Before the Crash: Early Video Game History. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-3450-8.

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to ماغنافوكس أوديسي at Wikimedia Commons