مارون (شعوب)

Body of Ndyuka Maroon child brought before a shaman, Suriname 1955

المارون أثناء أحد اٍحتفالاتهم

المارون وتعني الذين يعيشون على قمم الجبال (من الاٍسبانية cima: قمة) و (من الاٍنجليزية/الاٍسبانية cimarrón: هارب أو الهارب) حيث هرب العبيد في كل من الكاريبي، أمريكا الوسطى، أمريكا الجنوبية و الشمالية و شكلوا مستوطنات مستقلة جنبا إلى جنب.

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 تاريخ المارون

Ndyuka Maroon women with washing. Suriname River. 1955

 Culture

Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955

 انظر أيضاً

• Afro-Latin American
• Black Indians
• Black Seminoles
• Capoeira
• Cimarron people (Panama)
• First Maroon War
• Gaspar Yanga
• Marie-Elena John
• Maroon music
• Quilombo
• Saramaka
• Second Maroon War
• Sranan Tongo
• Zambo

 References

• Daughters of the Dust (1991), film by Julie Dash taking place in 1902 off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. It shows how, on an isolated island, a group of people manages to hold on to their Ibo customs and traditions. ISBN 0-525-94109-6
• Ganga Zumba (1963), film by Carlos Diegues
• Quilombo (1985), film by Carlos Diegues about Palmares, ASIN B0009WIE8E
• Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname, Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-09303-6
• Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression (translated by Mary Todd), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2803-3
• De Granada, Germán (1970), Cimarronismo, palenques y Hablas “Criollas” en Hispanoamérica Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, OCLC 37821053 (in Spanish)
• van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden and van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society, Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. ISBN 1-57766-323-3
• Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), Maroon Societies: rebel slave communities in the Americas, Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-06508-6
• Honychurch, Lennox (1995), The Dominica Story, London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-62776-8 (Includes extensive chapters on the Maroons of Dominica)
• Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, ISBN 976-640-180-2
• Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas Garland Publishing, New York, ISBN 0-8153-1543-0
• Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: a history of resistance, collaboration & betrayal, Granby, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 0-89789-148-1
• Dallas, R. C. The History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone. 2 vols. London: Longman. 1803.
• Sergey Slepchenko (2009), Nations of Latin America, Phoenix, Rostov-on-Don, ISBm 92-86-36414-2

 للاستزادة

• Johnson, Brian D. "The Land of Look Behind", Equinox Magazine, September–October 1983, pp. 49–65. A detailed article with many superb photos.

 وصلات خارجية

• Maroon music and teaching methods
• Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas
• A good short history of the "Bush Negroes" of Suriname
• The Maroons, Hindustanis and others of Surinam
• "The Maroon Culture of Endurance by Helen Reidell". A history of Jamaican Maroons. Also available in Américas Magazine, Vol. 42, January–February 1990, pp. 46–49.