مؤشر أنماط مايرز-بريغز
مؤشر أنماط مايرز-برگز Myers-Briggs Type Indicator أو (MBTI هو أحد أشهر اختبارات الشخصية في العالم مصمم ليساعد الشخص على تحديد تفضيلات و اولويات شخصيته . أول من طور هذا الاختبار هي كاثرين كوك بريگز وابنتها إيزابيل بريگز مايرز خلال فترة الحرب العالمية الثانية اعتمادا على كتابات ونظريات كارل يونگ في عمله الأنماط النفسية.[1] .
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الترابط مع الأدوات الأخرى
طِباع كيرسي
طوّر ديڤد كيرسي فارز كيرسي للطباع بعد معرفته بنظام MBTI، بالرغم من أنه يتتبع "الطِباع temperaments" الأربعة إلى التقاليد اليونانية القديمة. فيحيل هذه الطباع/الأمزجة إلى تجميعات مايرز-بريگز SP, SJ, NF, و NT. كما يعطي كل من الـ 16 MBTIs اسماً، كما هو مبين في الجدول أدناه.
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ISITEJ Inspector
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ISIFEJ Protector
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INIFEJ Counselor
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INITEJ Mastermind
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ISETIP Crafter
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ISEFIP Composer
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INEFIP Healer
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INETIP Architect
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ESETIP Promoter
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ESEFIP Performer
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ENEFIP Champion
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ENETIP Inventor
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ESITEJ Supervisor
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ESIFEJ Provider
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ENIFEJ Teacher
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ENITEJ Fieldmarshal
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الخمسة الكبار
McCrae and Costa based their Five Factor Model (FFM) on Goldberg's Big Five theory.[2] McCrae and Costa[3] present correlations between the MBTI scales and the currently popular Big Five personality constructs measured, for example, by the NEO-PI-R.[4] The five purported personality constructs have been labeled: extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism (emotional instability), although there is not universal agreement on the Big Five theory and the related Five-Factor Model (FFM).[5][6] The following correlations are based on the results from 267 men and 201 women as part of a longitudinal study of aging.[3]
These correlations refer to the second letter shown, i.e., the table shows that I and P have negative correlations with extraversion and conscientiousness, respectively, while F and N have positive correlations with agreeableness and openness, respectively. These results suggest that the four MBTI scales can be incorporated within the Big Five personality trait constructs, but that the MBTI lacks a measure for emotional stability dimension of the Big Five (though the TDI, discussed above, has addressed that dimension). Emotional stability (or neuroticism) is a predictor of depression and anxiety disorders.
These findings led McCrae and Costa to conclude that, "correlational analyses showed that the four MBTI indices did measure aspects of four of the five major dimensions of normal personality. The five-factor model provides an alternative basis for interpreting MBTI findings within a broader, more commonly shared conceptual framework." However, "there was no support for the view that the MBTI measures truly dichotomous preferences or qualitatively distinct types, instead, the instrument measures four relatively independent dimensions."[3]
اضطرابات الشخصية
One study found personality disorders as described by the DSM overall to correlate modestly with I, N, T, and P, although the associations varied significantly by disorder. The only two disorders with significant correlations of all four MBTI dimensions were schizotypal (INTP) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (ISTJ).[7]
انظر أيضاً
- انتقادات
- غيرها
- Adjective Check List (ACL)
- Brain types
- DISC assessment
- Riso–Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator
- FIRO-B
- Forte Communication Style Profile
- Holland Codes
- Humorism
- علم النفس الصناعي والتنظيمي § استعراض تاريخي
- Interpersonal compatibility
- Jungian Type Index
- List of tests § Personality tests
- Organizational culture § Kim Cameron and Robert Quinn
- Personality Assessment System
- Personality clash
- Personality psychology
- Revised NEO Personality Inventory
- Roger Birkman § The Birkman Method
- Socionics, a sister theory
- Strong Interest Inventory
- Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument
- Type theory
- Two-factor models of personality § Factors integrated into modern instruments (CPI 260)
ملاحظات
المراجع
- ^ Jung, Carl Gustav (August 1, 1971). Psychological Types (Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volume 6). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691097704.
- ^ "University of Oregon: "Measuring the Big Five Personality Factors"". Archived from the original on 2010-02-09. Retrieved 2008-08-08.قالب:Self-published source
- ^ أ ب ت McCrae & Costa 1989.
- ^ Costa, P.T., Jr. & McCrae, R.R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
- ^ Boyle, Stankov & Cattell 1995.
- ^ Boyle, G. J. (2008). "Critique of Five-Factor Model (FFM)". In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske. (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Vol. 1 – Personality Theories and Models. Los Angeles, CA: Sage. ISBN 978-1-4129-4651-3[صفحة مطلوبة]
- ^ "An Empirical Investigation of Jung's Personality Types and Psychological Disorder Features" (PDF). Journal of Psychological Type. 58: 33–36. 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-01-25. Retrieved 2013-08-10.