كيدمون
كيدمون إنگليزية: Cædmon، /ˈkædmən/ أو /ˈkædmɒn/) هو أقدم شاعر إنگليزي (وهو من نورثمبريا) واسمه ذائع الصيت. وهو أنگلو-ساكسوني اهتم بالحيوان الأعجم وكان مرتبطاً بالدير المزدوج في Streonæshalch (أبرشية ويتبي) أثناء ترؤس الدير (657–680) من قِبل القديسة هيلدا (614-680)، وكان في بادئ الأمر جاهلاً بـ"فن الأغاني" إلا أنه تعلم التأليف ذات ليلة في المنام، حسب راهب القرن الثامن، بيد. ولاحقاً أصبح راهباً متعصباً و شاعراً مسيحياً مفوهاً وملهـِماً.
كيدمون هو أحد الشعراء الأنگلو-ساكسون الإثني عشر المذكورين في المصادر القروسطية، وأحد ثلاثة فقط وصلتنا معلومات معاصرة لهم عن سيرتهم وكذلك أمثلة من انتاجهم الأدبي.[1] قصته مروية في Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum ("التاريخ الكنسي للشعب الإنگليزي") عن بيد الذي كتب، "كان في دير هذه الأبرشية أخٌ معين متميز برحمة من الرب، who was wont to make religious verses, so that whatever was interpreted to him out of scripture, he soon after put the same into poetical expressions of much sweetness and humility in بالإنگليزية, which was his native language. By his verse the minds of many were often excited to despise the world, and to aspire to heaven."
العمل الوحيد المتبقي من كيدمون هو نشيد كيدمون Cædmon's Hymn, the nine-line alliterative vernacular praise poem in honour of God which he supposedly learned to sing in his initial dream. القصيدة هي أح دأقدم الأمثلة المؤكدة من الإنگليزية القديمة وهي، بنقوش الرونية على كل من صليب روثويل وFranks Casket، هي أحد ثلاث أمثلة تتنافس على لقب أقدم مثال مؤكد للشعر الإنگليزي القديم. وهي أيضاً أحد أقدم الأمثلة المسجلة لشعر باقٍ في لغة جرمانية.
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الهامش
- ^ الشعراء الأنگلو-ساكسون الإثنا عشر المسمَّون هم: Æduwen, Aldhelm, Alfred the Great, أنلاف Anlaf, Baldulf, Bede، كيدمون، Cnut, Cynewulf, Dunstan, Hereward، ووولفستان Wulfstan (أو ربما Wulfsige). ومعظمهم يعتبره العلماء الحديثون to be spurious—see O'Donnell 2005, Introduction 1.22. The three for whom biographical information and documented texts survive are Alfred, Bede, and Cædmon. كيدمون هو الشاعر الأنگلو-ساكسوني المعروف أساسً لقدرته على تأليف vernacular verse, and no vernacular verse survives that is known to have been written by either Bede or Alfred. There are a number of verse texts known to have been composed by Cynewulf, but we know nothing of his biography. (No study appears to exist of the "named" Anglo-Saxon poets—the list here has been compiled from Frank 1993 (http://www.arts.manchester.ac.uk/mancass/thetollerlecture/: Roberta Frank), Opland 1980, Sisam 1953 and Robinson 1990).
المراجع
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وصلات خارجية
- Bede's Story of Cædmon
- Bede's World
- St. Hilda and Cædmon Page at St. Wilfrid's
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