كوهينور

هذا المقال هو عن a diamond. إذا كنت تريد the writing instrument manufacturer، انظر Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth.
Mountain of Light
Koh-i-Noor old version copy.jpg
Glass replica of the Mountain of Light Diamond after its first cut. From the Reich der Kristalle museum in Munich.
الوزن105.602 carats (21.1204 g)
منجم المنشأKollur Mine, Andhra Pradesh, India[1]
القطعHortenso Borgia
المالك الأصليKakatiya dynasty
المالك الحاليPart of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth (see British Crown Jewels)

جبل النور أو كوهِ نور أو كوهينور is a diamond that was mined at Kollur Mine, in the present state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It was originally 793 carats when uncut.[2] Once the largest known diamond, it is now a 105.6 metric carat diamond, weighing 21.6 grammes in its most recent cut state. The diamond was originally owned by the Kakatiya dynasty, which had installed it in a temple of a Hindu goddess as her eye.[3] The diamond changed hands between various feuding factions in the region several times over the next few hundred years.[4] In 1852, Albert the Prince Consort ordered it cut down from 186 carats. Today the diamond is a part of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth (see British Crown Jewels).[5]

التاريخ

A 1757 miniature of Ahmad Shāh Durrānī, in which the Koh-i-Noor diamond is seen hanging on the front of his crown.
Ramappa Temple, built during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 13th century, during which the diamond was mined.[3][6] Kakatiyas had installed it in the temple of a Hindu goddess as her eye.[3]


استيلاء الفرس عليها

نادر شاه during the sacking of Delhi in the aftermath of his decisive victory at the Battle of Karnal.

Following the invasion of Nader Shah, the Shah of the Persian Empire, in 1739 and the Battle of Karnal which led to the sacking of Agra and Delhi, the treasury of the Mughal Empire was looted by Nader Shahs army in an organised and thorough acquisition of the Mughal nobilities wealth. Along with a host of valuable items, including the Daria-i-Noor as well as the Peacock Throne, he also carried off the Koh-i-Noor to Persia in 1739. It was allegedly Nāder Shāh who exclaimed Koh-i-Noor! when he finally managed to obtain the famous stone,[4] and this is how the stone gained its present name. There is no reference to this name before 1739.

استيلاء البريطانيين عليها

Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the founder and ruler of the Sikh Empire based in the Punjab region. He willed the diamond to the Hindu temple of Jagannath in Puri, in modern day Odisha, India.[7][8] However, after his death in 1839 the British East India company did not execute his will.[9] On 29 March 1849, the British raised their flag on the citadel of Lahore and the province of Punjab was formally proclaimed part of the British Company rule in India.

A lithograph by Emily Eden showing one of the favourite horses of Maharaja Ranjit Singh with the head officer of his stables and his collection of jewels, including the Koh-i-Noor that he extorted from Afghan Emir Shuja Shah Durrani.[10]
Tavernier's illustration of the Koh-I-Noor under different angles


المعرض الكبير

كوهينور في قلادتها الأصلية (1851)

الجمهور البريطاني سنحت له الفرصة لمشاهدة كوهينور حين أقيم المعرض الكبير في هايد پارك، لندن في 1851.


جواهر التاج

المقالة الرئيسية: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom
Queen Alexandra wearing the Koh-i-Noor in her coronation crown
Copy of the new cut of the Koh-i-Noor

انظر أيضاً


الهامش

  1. ^ http://www.minelinks.com/alluvial/diamonds_1.html
  2. ^ "Fascinating History of World Best Diamonds". The Northern Star. Lismore, NSW: National Library of Australia. 30 May 1953. p. 6. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  3. ^ أ ب ت Deccan Heritage, H. K. Gupta, A. Parasher and D. Balasubramanian, Indian National Science Academy, 2000, p. 144, Orient Blackswan, ISBN 81-7371-285-9
  4. ^ أ ب Iradj Amini, ed. (July 20, 2002). "KOH-I-NOOR". United States: Encyclopædia Iranica – Online Version. Retrieved 2012-08-22.
  5. ^ http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-21623965
  6. ^ "Large And Famous Diamonds". Minelinks.com. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
  7. ^ Ethnic Tensions in Indian Society: Explanation, Prediction, Monitoring, and Control, p. 145, في كتب گوگل
  8. ^ http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/02/21/koh-i-noor-diamond-not-returned-india-david-cameron-insists-pictures_n_2732342.html
  9. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة india-claim
  10. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Britannica

المصادر


وصلات خارجية

قالب:Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom

الكلمات الدالة:
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