كوتريگور
كوتريگور Kutrigurs كانوا بدو خيالة الذين ازدهروا في سهوب پنطس-القزوين في القرن السادس الميلادي. إلى الشرق منهم تواجد الأوتيگور المشابهون. وقد حاربوا الامبراطورية البيزنطية والأوتيگور. وقرب نهاية القرن السادس كان الآڤار قد استوعبوهم بضغط من الترك.
أصل الاسم
The name Kutrigur, also recorded as Kwrtrgr, Κουτρίγουροι, Κουτούργουροι, Κοτρίγουροι, Κοτρίγοροι, Κουτρίγοροι, Κοτράγηροι, Κουτράγουροι, Κοτριαγήροι,[1] has been suggested as a metathecized form of Turkic *Toqur-Oğur, thus the *Quturoğur mean "Nine Oğur (tribes)".[2] David Marshall Lang derived it from Turkic kötrügür (conspicuous, eminent, renowned).[3] There has been little scholarly support for theories linking the names of Kutrigurs and Utigurs to peoples such as the Guti/Quti and/or Udi/Uti, of Ancient Southwest Asia and the Caucasus respectively, which has been posited by Osman Karatay,[4] or Duč'i (some read Kuchi) Bulgars by Josef Markwart.[5]
التاريخ
Grousset thought that they were remnants of the Huns.[6] Procopius recounts that:{{quote|in the old days many Huns,{{refn|group="nb"|The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity.
انظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
الهامش
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 139.
- ^ Golden 2011, p. 71, 139.
- ^ Lang 1976, p. 34.
- ^ Karatay 2003, p. 26.
- ^ Vasil 1918.
- ^ Grousset 1970, p. 79.
- المصادر
- Golden, Peter Benjamin (1992). An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447032742.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Lang, David Marshall (1976). The Bulgarians: from pagan times to the Ottoman conquest. Westview Press. ISBN 9780891585305.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Karatay, Osman (2003). In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croation Nation. Ayse Demiral. ISBN 9789756467077.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Zlatarski, Vasil (1918). History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages, Volume I. History of the First Bulgarian Kingdom. Part I. Age of Hun-Bulgarian supremacy (679-852) (in Bulgarian). Sofia.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. The State University of New Jersey. ISBN 9780813513041.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400829941.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Dickens, Mark (2004). Medieval Syriac Historians’ Perceptionsof the Turks. University of Cambridge.
- D. Dimitrov (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs". Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie. Varna.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Golden, Peter B. (2011). Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei. ISBN 9789732721520.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Curta, Florin (2015). "Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans". In Zimonyi István; Osman Karatay (eds.). Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 69–89.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Dickens, Mark (2010). The Three Scythian Brothers: an Extract from the Chronicle of Michael the Great.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help)