كروتوا
Krotoa | |
|---|---|
"!Oroǀõas" | |
 | |
| وُلِدَ | غير معروف ح. 1643 |
| توفي | 29 يوليو 1674 (aged 31–32) |
| الجنسية | !Uriǁ’aeǀ’ona |
| أسماء أخرى | Eva van Meerhof |
| المهنة | مترجمة فورية |
| الزوج | Pieter van Meerhof |
The "!Oroǀõas" ("Ward-girl"), spelled in Dutch as Krotoa, or under her Christian name, Eva (c. 1643 – 29 July 1674), was a !Uriǁ'aeǀona translator working for the officials of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compangie (VOC) during the founding of the Cape Colony.[1] She is noted as one of the most well written about women in South African history, with her name appearing in the journals of the United East India Company (VOC) from as early as 1652.[2] She is the first Khoi-speaking woman to appear by name in early European records of the settlement at ǁHuiǃgaeb (Cape Town).[3] The name "Krotoa" was most likely not a name but a Dutch spelling of the designation !Oroǀõas (Khoekhoegowab spelling: !Goroǀgôas), referring to the fact that she was put under guardianship, either of her uncle Autshumato, or of Jan van Riebeeck and Maria de la Quellerie. Her actual birthname is unknown.
In 2000 Dalene Matthee wrote a novel, "Pieternella van die Kaap", based on her thorough research of diaries and documents on Eva Krotoa and Pieternella van Meerhoff in archieves and museums as well as consulting Drs. Dan Sleigh and Helena Scheffler.
In 2016, on the anniversary of the 350th commemoration of the Castle, descendants of Krotoa conducted a ceremony to return her spirit to the Castle in the Fort.[4]
In 2017 a dramatic feature film directed by Roberta Durrant about Krotoa's life, titled "Krotoa", was released in South Africa.[5]
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انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةsahistoryonline - ^ Wells, Julia C. (1998-01-01). "Eva's Men: Gender and Power in the Establishment of the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-74". The Journal of African History. 39 (3): 417–437. doi:10.1017/s0021853798007300. JSTOR 183361.
- ^ "Primary Source Packet" (PDF). ROY ROSENZWEIG CENTER FOR HISTORY AND NEW MEDIA (RRCHNM). Retrieved 27 November 2018.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة:0 - ^ Krotoa, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6758144/, retrieved on 2018-11-28
المصادر
- Godée Molsbergen, Everhardus Cornelis (1968). Jan van Riebeeck en sy tyd [Jan van Riebeeck and his times] (in الأفريقانية). Van Schaik.
- Trudie, Bloem (1999). Krotoa-Eva: The Woman from Robben Island. Cape Town: NB Publishers. ISBN 978-0795700880.