كارل تيودور دراير

Carl Theodor Dreyer
وُلِدَ	(1889-02-03)فبراير 3, 1889 Copenhagen, Denmark
توفي	مارس 20, 1968(1968-03-20) (aged 79) Copenhagen, Denmark
المهنة	Film director
الجوائز	Golden Lion 1955 Ordet

كارل تيودور دراير Carl Theodor Dreyer (و. 3 فبراير 1889 -- 20 مارس 1968) مخرج دنماركي ويعتبرة العديد من النقاد انه من اعظم مخرجي السينما

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 حياته

ولد كارل في كوبنهاجن في الدنمارك وكانت امه تعمل خادمة Dreyer was born illegitimate in Copenhagen, Denmark. His birth mother was an unmarried Scanian maid named Josefine Bernhardine Nilsson, and he was put up for adoption by his birth father, Jens Christian Torp, a married Danish farmer living in Sweden who was his mother's employer. He spent the first two years of his life in orphanages until his adoption by a typographer named Carl Theodor Dreyer, Sr., and his wife, Inger Marie (née Olsen). His adoptive parents were emotionally distant and his childhood was largely unhappy. He later recalled that his parents "constantly let me know that I should be grateful for the food I was given and that I strictly had no claim on anything, since my mother got out of paying by lying down to die."[5] But he was a highly intelligent school student, who left home and formal education at the age of sixteen. He dissociated himself from his adoptive family, but their teachings were to influence the themes of many of his films.

Dreyer was ideologically conservative. According to David Bordwell: "As a youth he belonged to Radical Socialist party, a conservative group radical only in their opposition to military expenditures..."Even when I was with Ekstrabladet," Dreyer recalled, "I was conservative."..."I don't believe in revolutions. They have, as a rule, the tedious quality of pulling development back. I believe more in evolution, in the small advances.""[6]

Dreyer died of pneumonia in Copenhagen at age 79. The documentary Carl Th. Dreyer: My Metier contains reminiscences from those who knew him.

 Filmography

 Feature films

Year	English title	Original title	Production country	Notes
1919	The President	Præsidenten	Denmark	Based on the novel by Karl Emil Franzos.
1920	The Parson's Widow	Prästänkan	Sweden/Denmark	Based on the story "Prestekonen" by Kristofer Janson.
1921	Leaves from Satan's Book	Blade af Satans bog	Denmark	Loosely based on The Sorrows of Satan.
1922	Love One Another	Die Gezeichneten	Germany	Based on the novel by Aage Madelung, this film is extremely rare (only 4 prints survive in archives).
1922	Once Upon a Time	Der var engang	Denmark	Based on the play by Holger Drachmann.
1924	Michael	Michael	Germany	Based on the novel Mikaël (1904) by Herman Bang.
1925	Thou Shalt Honor Thy Wife (aka Master of the House)	Du skal ære din hustru	Denmark	Based on the play by Svend Rindom.
1926	Bride of Glomdal	Glomdalsbruden	Norway/Sweden	Based on the novel by Jacob Breda Bull.
1928	The Passion of Joan of Arc	La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc (Jeanne d'Arc lidelse og død)	France	Co-written with Joseph Delteil, author of the novel Jeanne d'Arc (1925, Prix Femina). Named the most influential film of all time by the curators of the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.
1932	Vampyr	Vampyr - Der Traum des Allan Grey	France/Germany	Based on the novella Carmilla (1872) by J. Sheridan Le Fanu.
1943	Day of Wrath	Vredens dag	Denmark	Based on the play "Anne Pedersdotter" by Hans Wiers-Jenssen, hymns by Paul La Cour.
1945	Two People	Två människor	Sweden	Based on the play "Attentat" by W.O. Somin. Made in Nazi-related exile to Sweden, the film was disowned by Dreyer and withdrawn from distribution.
1955	The Word	Ordet	Denmark	Based on the play by Kaj Munk.
1964	Gertrud	Gertrud	Denmark	Based on the play by Hjalmar Söderberg.

 أفلام قصيرة

• Good Mothers (Mødrehjælpen, 12 min, 1942)
• Water from the Land (Vandet på landet, 1946)
• The Struggle Against Cancer (Kampen mod kræften, 15 min, 1947)
• The Danish Village Church (Landsbykirken, 14 min, 1947)
• They Caught the Ferry (De nåede færgen, 11 min, 1948)
• Thorvaldsen (10 min, 1949)
• The Storstrom Bridge (Storstrømsbroen, 7 min, 1950)
• The Castle Within the Castle (Et Slot i et slot, 1955)

 وصلات خارجية

• The Carl Th. Dreyer website
• Carl Theodor Dreyer في Internet Movie Database
• In-depth article from 1951 on 'The Tyrannical Dane'
• Bibliography