كئنتش كان باهلم الثاني

Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II
Ajaw
Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II on tablet from the Temple XVII.
King of Palenque
العهد	10 January 684 – 20 February 702
سبقه	Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I
تبعه	Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II
وُلِد	23 May 635 Palenque
توفي	20 فبراير 702(702-02-20) (aged 66) Palenque
المدفن	Palenque
الأب	Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I
الأم	Lady Tzʼakbu Ajaw of Tortuguero
الديانة	Maya religion
التوقيع

Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II (myn), also known as Chan Bahlum II, (May 23, 635 – February 20, 702) was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque, in what is now the state of Chiapas, Mexico. He acceded to the throne in January, 684, several months after the death of his father and predecessor, Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I and ruled until his death.

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 السيرة

 الميلاد واعتلاء العرش

لوح من معبد الشمس يصوّر تتويج كئنتش كان بآلم الثاني.

He continued the ambitious project of adorning Palenque with fine art and architecture begun by his father; his most important addition to the city of Palenque was the Temple of the Cross which is the center piece of the Temple of the Cross Complex. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II, another brother was probably Tiwol Chan Mat. The monuments and text associated with Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II are: Tablets and Alfardas of the Temples of the Cross, Sun and Foliated Cross; tablets and facade of the Temple of the Inscriptions; Temple 17 Panel; Death's Head; Jonuta Panel; Temple of the Cross Stela.

 الحملات العسكرية

In the year 687 he led a military campaign towards the south of Palenque, against Toniná , seat of the Po' Winiko'ob' lordship, managing to subdue the square on September 9. Although the cause of this military action is unknown, it is likely that it was because its ruler, Puh-Tz'amal?, had made some type of pact with the lordship of Khan, a staunch enemy of B'aakal, whose main square was Calakmul . . A record from the Sun Temple indicates that during this expedition, Kan Balam was accompanied by his brother Wak? Nal B'ahlam Ch'aaj Il Sib'ik Khan. The following year, K'inich B'aaknal Chaahk rose to power over the lordship of Po' Winiko'ob' and swore to avenge this defeat.

On July 4, 690, Kan Balam II, concerned about the link that the Moral-Reforma lordship had established in the east with Calakmul, decided to invite its ruler, “Hawk Skull,” to Palenque so that there he could celebrate his third enthronement or reinstatement to power. 5 Likewise, to commemorate the act, he sent a Palencano craftsman to carve stela 4 in Moral-Reforma. Through these political and diplomatic actions, Kan Balam sealed a pact with "Falcon Skull" and broke the link he had with Calakmul. 6

On October 4, 692, K'inich B'aaknal Chaahk began his revenge against B'aakal by capturing the Palencano chief K'awiil Mo'. 7 He captured other Palencano dignitaries between 693 and 696. According to the records of the warriors' board, Kan Balam responded in the same way, on January 14, 695 he captured the ch'ok ajaw B'olon Yooj . 8

 الأعمال المعمارية والنقوش الهيروغليفية

Iconographic reproduction of the panel of the Temple of the Cross, made by Frederick Catherwood , showing the enthronement of K'inich Kan Balam II.

He carried out the completion of the Temple of Inscriptions that served as his father's mausoleum, he called it B'olon Eht Naah, whose meaning is the 'House of the Nine Lords'. This pyramid, which has nine plateaus and whose internal stairs descend to the tomb of Pakal “the Great,” evokes the underworld or Xibalbá , which similarly had nine strata. The work was completed and inaugurated on July 3, 690. 9

That same year, the renovations of the Group of Crosses were completed, which includes the Temple of the Cross , the Temple of the Foliated Cross and the Temple of the Sun. In the rear bay of each of these buildings there was a room called pib'naah' , whose function was that of a steam bath or temazcal where each of the deities of the divine triad were symbolically born and reborn. The Temple of the Cross was dedicated to Wak-Chan-Ajaw or 'Ruler of the 6th Heaven' ("GI"), its construction based on staggered bodies, simulates thirteen levels, according to the Mayan worldview , this number corresponds to the number of heavens into which the celestial level or higher was divided. 10​ The Temple of the Foliated Cross represents the terrestrial level and was dedicated to Unen-K'awiil (“GII”), god of agriculture and the ruling lineage of Palenque; It was called B'olon Pet Ha' Naah , the meaning of which is the 'House of the River of the Nine Petenes'. The Temple of the Sun was dedicated to the deity "GIII", like the Temple of Inscriptions, its platform is made up of nine staggered bodies, which coincide with the nine strata that the underworld or Xibalbá had. The pib'naah of the Temple of the Sun was called B'olon P'ul Witz K'inich Paskab , meaning the 'Mountain of the Nine Sahumerios of the Dawn of the Sun'. 11

In the three buildings of the Cross Group are records and images depicting the moment of Kan Balam's ascension to the throne of B'aakal. In each of them there is a symbology marked, in the Temple of the Cross the image of the cosmic tree stands out; 12​ in the Temple of the Foliated Cross, the icon that stands out is a corn plant , which was considered the founding plant of the Mayan civilization; Finally, in the Temple of the Sun, dedicated to themes of war and sacrifice, a war shield with the face of the solar god stands out. 13

On July 20, 690, once the renovations of the Group of the Cross were completed, Kan Balam performed a ceremony dedicated to the gods of the divine triad of Palenque, creating new censers , which were used two years later, during the celebrations. from the end of the katún 9.13.0.0.0 8 ajaw 8 uo , that is, on March 15, 692. 14 Other temples that he consecrated and built were the Temple of the Altar of the Skull and Temple XVII, which had a civic character. In this last building there are several inscriptions that record part of the dynastic history of Palenque as well as the war stories of Kan Balam where, in addition, a portrait of him with a captured prisoner of war is shown. 15

In addition to the dynastic history of Palenque and the military epics, Kan Balam introduced the mythical narration of the history of the gods of Palenque, thus recording the biography of Muwaan Mat ; the arrival of the god “GI” and his encounter with the land of Matwiil in 2360 BC. C.; and the birth of the god “GIII” occurred in the same year. 16 He also recorded the birth of a legendary character called Ahku'l Ichiiw U Kokan Kan, whose meaning is 'Snake of the Raya Thorn of the Place where Turtles Abound', which occurred in the year 993 BC. C. This character who is described as human became the first ruler of Matwiil and B'aakal at the age of twenty-six, when Palenque was not yet inhabited, his presence justifies the transition from the mythical era to the historical era. 17

Kan Balam died on 9.13.10.5 6 chikchan 3 pop, i.e. 16 February 702. His successor was his brother K'an Joy Chitam II , who performed his funeral. It is possible that he was buried in Temple XV-A, however the tombs in this temple were looted during pre-Hispanic times. 8

 References

Lounsbury, Floyd G. (1976). A Rationale for the Initial Date of the Temple of the Cross at Palenque. In The Art, Iconography, and Dynastic History of Palenque, Part III: Proceedings of the Segunda Mesa Redonda de Palenque, ed. Merle Greene Robertson, 211-224. Pebble Beach, Ca.: Robert Louis Stevenson School.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Lounsbury, Floyd G. (1985). The Identities of the Mythological Figures in the "Cross Group" of Inscriptions at Palenque. In Fourth Round Table of Palenque, 1980, vol. 6, gen. ed. Merle Greene Robertson; vol. ed., Elizabeth P. Benson, 45-58. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Martin, Simon; Nikolai Grube (2008). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya (2nd ed.). London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 9780500287262. OCLC 191753193.

Skidmore, Joel (2010). The Rulers of Palenque (PDF) (Fifth ed.). Mesoweb Publications. Retrieved 12 October 2015.

ألقاب ملكية
سبقه Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I	Ajaw of Palenque January, 684 – February, 702	تبعه Kʼinich Kʼan Joy Chitam II