قنبلة الگرافيت
قنبلة الگرافيت graphite bomb الغرض منها أن تكون سلاح غير قاتل يُستخدم لشل شبكة كهربائية. وتعمل القنبلة بنشر سحابة كثيفة من فتائل الكربون فائقة الدقة والمعالَجة كيميائياً على المنشآت عالية الجهد المعزولة هوائياً، مثل transformers و power lines، مما يسبب short-circuits وما يتبعه من تعطل الإمداد بالكهرباء في منطقة، أو حتى في بلد صغير بأكمله. السلاح يشار إليه أحياناً بإسم قنبلة قطع الكهرباء blackout bomb أو القنبلة الناعمة soft bomb لانحصار آثارها المباشرة، لحد كبير، في استهداف منشأة طاقة كهربائية، بأقل قدر من خطر محدود من الضرر الفوري المصاحب. However, since water supply systems and sewage treatment systems depend on electricity, widespread outbreaks of cholera and other waterborne diseases, causing large numbers of civilian deaths, have in the past been the direct consequence of this bomb's use.[1]
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بنية القنبلة
تتكون قنبلة الگرافيت من عبوة معدنية مملوءة with spools of graphite filament and an explosive device.[2] The canister is typically labeled "BLU-114/B". The BLU is a military acronym for "bomb live unit". Once the bomb is ejected from a plane or missile, the device's explosive is activated. The explosive detonates, breaking the graphite filament into very fine pieces which is ejected from the metal canister into a large gas-like plume.
الاستخدامات
اِستُخدِمت قنبلة الگرافيت لأول مرة ضد العراق في حرب الخليج (1990–1991)، knocking out 85% of the electrical supply. Similarly, the BLU-114/B "Soft-Bomb" graphite bomb was used by NATO against Serbia in May 1999, disabling 70% of that country's power grid. After initial success in disabling Serbian electric power systems, the electric supply was restored in less than 24 hours. The BLU-114/B was again used a few days later to counter Serbian efforts to restore damage caused by the initial attack. In the later stage of Operation Allied Force, NATO's air forces used conventional bombs and rockets to target power highlines and transformer stations.
South Korea has announced plans to build graphite bombs for use against North Korea to paralyse its electric grid in the event of a new war breaking out on the Korean Peninsula,[3] subject to funding from the country's finance ministry.[4] The weapons have been developed by South Korea's Agency for Defence Development, Yonhap news agency reported, as one element of the Kill Chain pre-emptive strike program.[3] South Korea has announced that it is ready to start production at any time.
انظر أيضاً
المراجع
- ^ Air Power, Coercion, and Dual-Use Infrastructure: A Legal and Ethical Analysis Kristen M. Thomasen, International Affairs Review, George Washington University
- ^ "Fact file: Blackout bombs". 19 March 2003 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
- ^ أ ب Ryall, Julian (9 October 2017). "South Korea developing graphite 'blackout bombs' to paralyse North's electrical grid" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ "South Korea develops 'bomb' to wipe out North Korea's power supply". The Independent. 9 October 2017.
وصلات خارجية
- "CBU-94 "Blackout Bomb" BLU-114/B "Soft-bomb"". Global Security. Retrieved 1 September 2017.