قائمة سلالات الجاموس

This is a list of domestic water buffalo breeds and their uses.

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السلالات

The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is descended from the wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), now designated an endangered species. Water buffaloes have been bred, predominantly in Asia, for thousands of years for use by humans. Their main domestic uses are as draught animals and for the production of milk and meat. Two types are recognized, the river-type and the swamp-type. Note: except where otherwise indicated, the reference for all entries is DAD-IS.[1]

Name Picture Alternate name Origin Use Notes, references
Al-Ahwar see § Iranian and Iraqi[2] § Iraqi marsh buffalo[3]
Al Jamoose or Jimes see § Iraqi[3]
Anatolian buffalo Gamêş.jpg تركية: Anadolu Mandası,
regional: Camız,
Camış,
Kömüş,
Dombay		 Turkey: the Marmara and Black Sea regions, and South Turkey dairy, draught of § Mediterranean-type[2][4]
Assam A male buffalo before it's sacrifice which took place on the occassion of Durga Puja in Kalibari Temple, Silchar, Assam.JPG NE India swamp-type[5][6]
Australian buffalo WildWaterBuffalo(Bubalus bubalis arnee).jpg Australian swamp buffalo (swamp-type),
riverine buffalo (river-type),
Australiano (in Venezuela)		 Australia's Northern Territory feral swamp-type buffaloes imported from the eastern Indonesian islands in the 1820s;
river-type buffaloes were imported in the 1990s[5]
Azari Azeri,
Azerbaijan,
Iranian,
Caucasian		 Azerbaijan, NW Iran § Caucasian buffalo;[5]
Iranian Azari (=an ecotype of the § Iranian) comprises 70% of the Iranian buffalo population[3]
Azi Kheli Buffalo-مج.jpg NW Pakistan: the Swat valley dairy light brown or albinoid milking buffalo[6]
Badavan see § Bhadawari[5]
Baio Vermelho N Brazil: Marajó dual-purpose (meat and dairy) swamp-type;
color labels separate the swamp-type from typically black (preto) South American river-type breeds;
considered a naturalized type or genetic group rather than a breed,
categorization similar to § Brazilian Carabao[7][8]
Baladi
(= local or native)		 Egypt dairy the Nile Delta's milking variety of the § Egyptian buffalo;[7]
has longer curved horns, is black or gray in color;
varieties of the Baladi type are the § Beheri and the § Minufi buffalo[9]
Balkan see § European[7]
Bama kwye see § Burmese[7]
Bangladeshi Buffalo, Kaloipur, chapainababagonj, Bangladesh.jpg Bangladesh dairy, draught native buffaloes of Bangladesh's floodplains;
includes both a black indigenous river-type (western and central areas) and a small gray indigenous swamp-type (eastern areas);
see also § Mahish[7]
Bangladeshi, albinoid of the central part of the country Bangladesh dairy a type of the § Bangladeshi,
farmed semi-intensively for milk[7]
Bangladeshi, albinoid of the western part of the country Bangladesh draught the smallest (average height 126/121 cm) of the § Bangladeshi buffaloes [7]
Bangladeshi, native buffaloes in the central part Bangladesh black indigenous river-type of the § Bangladeshi[7]
Bangladeshi, native buffaloes in the eastern part Bangladesh smaller gray indigenous § Bangladeshi swamp-type with white stockings and sometimes white spots on each side of the face; crescent-shaped horns[7]
Bangladeshi, native buffaloes in the southern part Bangladesh dairy larger than native water buffaloes of that area[7]
Bangladeshi, native buffaloes in the western part Bangladesh black indigenous river-type of the § Bangladeshi[7]
Banni Water buffalo bull, near Mehsana, Gujarat, India, 3.jpg W India: the Kachchh (Kutch) region of Gujarat dairy developed by the semi-pastoralist Maldhari community[7]
Beheri Egypt: Beheira Province dairy a variety of the § Egyptian buffalo[7] of the § Baladi type;
slate-gray or black in color[9]
Belang see § Tadong[7]
Bhadawari Water buffalo calf, India.jpg Badavan,
Etawah		 India: Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh dairy, draught selectively improved river-type[7]
Bhainsi see § Nepalese[7]
Bhavanegri see § Jafarabadi[7]
Binhu China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[10]
Borneo buffalo see § Kalang
Brazilian Kalabaw, Kalaban
برتغالية: bufalo de pantano (= swamp-type breeds)
برتغالية: preto (= typically black river-type breeds)		 Brazil
  • swamp-type breeds descended from stock originating from French Indochina, including the black Philippine Carabao; initially imported in about 1890 to Marajó Island (most are still found there today); see §§ Brazilian Carabao، Rosilho, and Baio[7][8]
  • river-type breeds from India, Italy and Egypt were imported in the early to mid-20th century; there are three river-type breeds recognized:
Brazilian Carabao Kalaban Brazil meat and draught swamp-type has its own herdbook in Brazil, described as a naturalized genetic group rather than a breed;
there is a variety called the § Rosilho[7]
Búfalo de Pantano Cuba see § Australian buffalo
Búfalo de Rio 2012-02-Cayo Saetia Wasserbueffel 01 anagoria.JPG Cuba see § Buffalypso
Buffalypso Buffalypso.jpg Trinidadian buffalo (sometimes called Trinidadian bison or hog cattle) Trinidad and Tobago specialized for meat and haulage derives from crosses between the swamp-type § Carabao and river-type breeds (such as the § Murrah, the § Nili-Ravi, the § Jafarabadi, the § Surti, § Nagpuri, and the § Bhadawari);

has a refined head, prominent eyes, small flat compact horns growing back, up and in, short in the leg, low compact body, meaty hindquarters, straight topline; typically Buffalypso are red or fawn, colors include black, brown, albinoid;
exported to 19 countries (the U.S. and several Latin American countries)[8]

Bulgarian buffalo Bulgaria meat, dairy, work a regional variety of the typical European, i.e. the § Mediterranean;
traditionally of strong, muscular working type, became triple-purpose animals;
the indigenous Bulgarian bison is now extinct[8]
Bulgarian Murrah B. Murrah.jpg بالبلغارية: Българска мyрра, Bulgarska murra Bulgaria dairy derives from crosses of Mediterranean buffaloes with Indian Murrah (and Surti) buffaloes imported from 1962;

is black, black/brown or dark gray, has large black eyes, coiled horns, a wide rump, long tail, voluminous belly, deep broad chest, a short wide back often slightly dipped, well-developed udder suited to machine milking; is now rare in its homeland; exported to Romania and South America[8]

Burmese Laung Bwann Brauk pagoda and oxen (2).jpg Burma (Myanmar);
locally: Bama Kwye and Pa Sauk Kwye
(kwye or kywe = buffalo)		 Myanmar swamp-type;
varies locally in size, color and horn shape;[11]
  • the larger § Shan Kwye is classified as a distinct "breed"
  • the Burmese wild buffalo is a feral gayal (or mithun)
Burmese wild buffalo بالبورمية: pyaung, pyun
also referred to as:
  • the Burmese gaur (either Bos gaurus readai or Bos gaurus laosiensis)
  • the Burmese bison
 Myanmar the wild buffaloes of Burma are a gaur subspecies (either Bos gaurus readai or B. g. laosiensis) that were reputedly domesticated animals (gayal or mithun) that became feral in swampy bush areas;
hunted and recaptured and kept by some farmers in hilly northern jungles for producing meat and good leather[11]
Cambodian buffalo Tier Wasserbüffel den es juckt Kambodscha.JPG Cambodia two varieties:
Carabao Guiguinto Municipality in Bulacan 08.jpg the Philippines meat, dairy, draught swamp-type
Caucasian Georgia, the Russian Federation meat, dairy
Chilika A close-up of Buffalo1.JPG India river-type;
saline-tolerant, well-adapted to Orissa's vast brackish lagoon at the mouth of the Daya River[6]
Chinese buffalo Water buffaloes in Wuyishan Wufu 2012.08.24 15-46-30.jpg China many varieties:
the §§ Haizi​ and Mountainous buffaloes, the § Shanghai (incl. the Jiangsu Round-Barrel), and the §§ Dongliu، Wenzhou، Fu'an، Xiajiang، Xinfeng Mountainous، Xinlong، Fuzhong، Binhu، Enshi Mountainous، Jianghan، Xingyang، Shannan، Fuling، Yanjin، Dehong، Southeastern Yunnan، Guizhou, and Guizhou White buffaloes,[12] introduced to Hong Kong
De Vietnam
Dechang China
Dehong China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Domaci bivo Water Buffalo and calf, Ludas Lake, Serbia.jpg Serbia
Dongliu China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Egyptian Water buffalo and cow in Egypt.jpg Masri Egypt dairy, draught river-type;
can be loosely divided, both geographically and by type, into two types:
  • the long-horned local buffaloes of the Nile Delta: the milking § Baladi, incl. the § Beheri (slate-gray to black in color) and the § Minufi (dark gray)
  • the short-horned buffaloes of Upper (southern) Egypt: the § Saidi; primarily a draught animal[13][14][9]
Enshi Mountainous China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[15]
Fu'an China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Fuling China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Fuzhong China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Gaddi Nepal
Georgian buffalo Georgia, the Russian Federation
Ghab Syria
Gilani Mazandarani,
Shomali		 Iran a minor northern ecotype of the § Iranian, see § Caucasian[3]
Godavari Water buffalos, Rajasthan, India.jpg India
Greek buffalo Confrontation or Face2Face.jpg Greece
Guizhou China
Guizhou White China
Haizi China
Iranian and Iraqi Iran and Iraq dairy mainly river-types [3]
Iranian see § Iranian and Iraqi the Iranian buffaloes by ecotype:
Indonesian wild buffalo Water buffalo at Rinca.jpg Indonesian water buffalo,
Indonesian swamp buffalo, Indonesian buffalo		 Indonesia a feral water buffalo breed, introduced to Komodo and Flores
Iranian Azari ecotype see § Azari an ecotype of the § Iranian[3]
Iraqi Hot weather today.jpg Al Jamoose, Jimes = water buffalo
other: Dwab (Dauab),
Granish		 Iraq meat, dairy, ridden work animal Iraqi buffaloes are divided by habitat into "marsh" and "city", or into the § Al Ahwar marsh buffalo and the larger and milkier river-type of urban areas with considerable diversity in color[3]
Italian Bufala Agro Pontino.JPG إيطالية: Bufala Mediterranea Italiana,
Italian Mediterranean,
Mediterranean Italian,
Italiano (in Venezuela)		 Italy dairy of § Mediterranean-type (riverine);
Italian Mediterranean buffaloes have been exported to Brazil and other parts of Latin America[3]
Jafarabadi India dairy
Jaffrabadi Brasilien 1992 25 (4607012976).jpg Gujarat dairy [16]
Jerangi India
Jianghan China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Kalaban Brazil
Kalahandi Bhains (buffalo).jpg India
Kalang Water buffalo suckling calf, Bario, Sarawak 1.jpg Borneo buffalo (in English),
Kerbau Rawa (in Indonesian)		 Indonesia: (Kalimantan)
Kebo Indonesia
Kerbau-Gunung Indonesia
Kerbau-Indonesia Indonesia
Kerbau Moa Indonesia
Kerbau-Murrah Indonesia
Kerbau-Sumatra-Barat Indonesia
Kerbau-Sumatra-Utara Indonesia
Kerbau-Sumbawa Indonesia
Khoozestani Khuzestani Iran an § Iranian ecotype of the southern marshes[3]
Kundi Kundhi,
Sindhi Murrah		 E Pakistan: N Sindh dairy river-type;
some consider it a regional variety of the § Murrah[17][18]
Lanka Water buffalo.jpg Sri Lanka
Lime Nepal
Mahish Bangladesh a variety of the § Bangladeshi, crossed with the indigenous swamp-type, river-type dominant[7]
Malaysian Kudat Sabah Kg-Loro-Kecil-03.jpg kerbau Malaysia three varieties:
Manda India
Mannar Sri Lanka
Marathwada India
Masri see § Egyptian
Mediterranean the Mediterranean region
Mehsana Bubalus bubalis 3.jpg India dairy
Mestizo the Philippines
Minufi Minufi, Menoufi or Monoufi Egypt: the southern and central parts of the Nile Delta dairy a variety of the § Egyptian buffalo[7] of § Baladi type;
dark gray in color[9]
Monouli Egypt
Mountain buffalo moi Cambodia a variety of the krabei beng § Cambodian buffalo[20]
Mountainous China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo [21]
Munding Indonesia
Murrah Murrah buffalo.JPG India, Pakistan dairy also found in Azerbaijan, Brazil, China, Ecuador, Guatemala, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam
Myanmar swamp buffalo see § Burmese[11][22]
Nagpuri Berar, Durna-Thalia, Ellichpuri, Gaulani, Gauli, Marathwada, Varadi W India: Maharashtra dairy, draught two varieties:
Nelore Argentina
Nepalese hill buffalo Buffallow rearing in nepal.JPG Nepal
Nepalese mountain buffalo Nepal
Ngo Vietnam
Nili E Pakistan, N India see § NiliRavi
Nili-Ravi Buffalo Milk.jpg Panch Kalyani E Pakistan, N India dairy a combination of two fairly similar Pakistani water buffalo breeds, the Nili and the Ravi; formerly described as geographically isolated varieties of the § Murrah
exported to Bangladesh, China, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Brazil and Venezuela[23][24]
Pa Sauk see § Burmese[23]
Pahadi see § Nepalese[23]
Palitana see § Jafarabadi[23]
Pampangan see § Indonesian[23]
Panch Kalyani see § Nili-Ravi[23]
Pandharpuri Dharwari (in Mysore) India dairy see § Nagpuri[23]
Papua New Guinea buffalo Papua New Guinea
Parkote see § Nepalese[23]
Parlakimedi see § Manda[23]
Peddakimedi see § Kalahandi[23]
Philippine see § Carabao[23]
Plain buffalo Cambodia
Purnathadi see § Nagpuri[23]
Purvi see § Nepalese[23]
Ravi Sandal Bar E Pakistan, N India see § Nili-Ravi[23]
Rawa see § Kalang[23]
Romanian buffalo Aruncuta,Cluj-DSCF2327.JPG Romania meat, dairy, draught
Rosilho Brazil a variety of the § Brazilian Carabao[8]
Siamese buffalo Tiger Temple Water Buffalo.jpg Thai water buffalo,
Thai swamp buffalo (in English),
Kwai Thai,
Karbue (in Thailand),		 Thailand meat, dairy, draught swamp-type
Saidi Egypt
Sambalpur India
Sapi Tenusu kerbau Sapi Tenusu Malaysia dairy a variety of the § Malaysian;
river-type[17]
Sawah kerbau Sawah; Malaysia a variety of the § Malaysian;
swamp-type[17]
Shanghai China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Shan Kywe swamp-type of the elevated Shan Plateau in eastern-central Burma Myanmar larger, heavier and darker in color than other § Burmese buffaloes; classified as a distinct "breed"[11]
Shannan China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
Southeast Yunnan China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo
South Kanara India
Surti India, Sri Lanka dairy, draught
Taiwan buffalo Water buffalo bathing.jpg Taiwan
Tamankaduwa Sri Lanka
Tamarao the Philippines
Tarai buffalo India, Nepal
Tedong Albino-Water-Buffalo-Rantepao.jpg Indonesia
Tipo Baio Brazil
Toda Toda buffaloes in kraal.jpg India
Toraya Indonesia meat, dairy, draught
Trâu Nội Xe trâu.jpg Vietnam
Trinitario Venezuela see § Buffalypso
Wenzhou China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[25]
Xiajiang China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[25]
Xilin China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region[25]
Xinfeng Mountainous China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[25]
Xinglong China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[26]
Xingyang China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[26]
Yanjin China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[26]
Yibin China a variety of the § Chinese buffalo[26]


See also

References

  1. ^ Breeds from species:Buffalo. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2015.
  2. ^ أ ب Porter et al. (2016), p. 960.
  3. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر Porter et al. (2016), p. 970.
  4. ^ Anatolian Buffalo, Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. Last retrieved 2017 January 11
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Porter et al. (2016), p. 961.
  6. ^ أ ب ت Porter et al. (2016), p. 969.
  7. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق Porter et al. (2016), p. 962.
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ Porter et al. (2016), p. 963.
  9. ^ أ ب ت ث Porter et al. (2016), p. 967.
  10. ^ Porter et al. (2016), pp. 962, 966.
  11. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Porter et al. (2016), p. 964.
  12. ^ Porter et al. (2016), pp. 965–966.
  13. ^ Egyptian buffalo, Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. Last retrieved 2017 January 11
  14. ^ Porter et al. (2016), p. 966.
  15. ^ Porter et al. (2016), pp. 966–967.
  16. ^ Patbandha, Tapas; Pathak, Rupal; Marandi, S; Swain, Dilip; Ahlawat, AR (2015-10-01). Milking management practices in Gir cows and Jaffrabadi buffaloes. Vol. 9.
  17. ^ أ ب ت ث Porter et al. (2016), p. 972.
  18. ^ Kundi buffalo, Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. Last retrieved 2017 January 11
  19. ^ Malaysian buffalo, Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. Last retrieved 2017 January 11
  20. ^ Porter et al. (2016), pp. 964, 973.
  21. ^ Porter et al. (2016), pp. 965, 973.
  22. ^ Porter et al. (2016), p. 974.
  23. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض Porter et al. (2016), p. 975.
  24. ^ NiliRavi, Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University Board of Regents. Last retrieved 2017 January 11
  25. ^ أ ب ت ث Porter et al. (2016), pp. 965, 978.
  26. ^ أ ب ت ث Porter et al. (2016), pp. 966, 978.

Sources

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