فيتري

Vitré
Gwitreg
Centre historique.JPG
درع Vitré
Coat of arms
Location of Vitré
البلدفرنسا
المنطقةبريتاني
الإقليمIlle-et-Vilaine
الدائرةFougères-Vitré
الكانتونVitré-Est and Vitré-Ouest
بين‌التجمعاتVitré
الحكومة
 • العمدة (2014–2020) Pierre Méhaignerie (UDI)
المساحة
1
37٫03 كم² (14٫30 ميل²)
التعداد
 (2010)
16٬834
 • الكثافة450/km2 (1٬200/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي
35360 /35500
المنسوب56–127 m (184–417 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

ڤيتري (بالفرنسية: Vitré) مدينة ووحدة إدارية فرنسية تقع مقاطعة إل إت فيليان في بريتاني. حصلت فيترى -التي كانت ولاية حتى عام 1926 م، ولبلدة الرئيسية في كانتون يقطنه ما يقارب 18,000 نسمة، والتي تقع عند التقاء النورمندي وماين وآنجو- حصلت على لقب بلدة الفن والتاريخ بسبب تراتها الغني.

Vitré (بريتونية: Gwitreg) is a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department in Brittany in northwestern France.

Vitré, a sub-prefecture until 1926, is the seat of a canton of around 16,834 inhabitants (2010). It lies on the edge of Brittany, near Normandy, Maine, and Anjou. The town has been designated a ville d'art et d'histoire, a town of artistic and historic significance, by the Ministry of Culture in recognition of its rich cultural inheritance. Vitré is the 37th French city with the most historic buildings and has 14% of the historical monuments of the department.

"If I was not King of France, I want to be bourgeois from Vitré!" Henry IV, King of France, surprised by the richness of the city in 1598.

"The good fortune to see a Gothic city entire, complete, homogeneous, a few of which still remain, Nuremberg in Bavaria and Vittoria in Spain, can readily form an idea; or even smaller specimens, provided that they are well preserved, Vitré in Brittany, Nordhausen in Prussia." Victor Hugo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Book third, Chapter 2, A bird's eye view of Paris, 1831

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الجغرافيا

الموقع

The city is located on the slopes of the Vilaine river, along an east-west geographic depression which the national railway on the Paris-Rennes route follows.

Vitré commune is home to 100,000 inhabitants spread throughout seven cantons: Vitré-East, Vitré-West, Argentré-du-Plessis, Châteaubourg, La Guerche-de-Bretagne, Janzé and Retiers.

The land area of Vitré: 37.19 km2 (14.36 sq mi). The average altitude of Vitré is approximately 89 m. The highest point, 127 m, is found in the "Ménardières" zone, at Pierre and Marie Curie Street. The lowest point, 67 m, is close to the firm S.V.A.'s location under the viaduct of the ring-road.

Since 1 October 2010, Vitré has withdrawn from the arrondissement of Rennes and joined the arrondissement of Fougères.

المناخ

Climate data for Rennes (1961-2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8
(46) 		9.1
(48.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		21.2
(70.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		8.7
(47.7) 		15.6
(60.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.1
(35.8) 		2.4
(36.3) 		3.5
(38.3) 		5.3
(41.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.1
(52.0) 		13
(55) 		12.8
(55.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3
(37) 		7.1
(44.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 61.5
(2.42) 		51.6
(2.03) 		49.5
(1.95) 		44.3
(1.74) 		58.1
(2.29) 		45.4
(1.79) 		43.5
(1.71) 		46.7
(1.84) 		55.9
(2.20) 		65.5
(2.58) 		67.6
(2.66) 		68.4
(2.69) 		657.9
(25.90)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.8 81.3 131.2 162.4 182.6 222.0 214.6 204.1 185.4 111.8 88.9 74.0 1٬726٫1
Source: Météo France

السكان

Historical population
YearPop.±%
176214٬000—    
179310٬790−22.9%
18008٬809−18.4%
18368٬901+1.0%
18568٬854−0.5%
188110٬314+16.5%
190110٬775+4.5%
19218٬154−24.3%
19368٬506+4.3%
19549٬611+13.0%
196210٬380+8.0%
196811٬343+9.3%
197512٬322+8.6%
198213٬046+5.9%
199014٬488+11.1%
199915٬313+5.7%
201016٬834+9.9%

Inhabitants of Vitré are called Vitréens.

لغة البريتون

In 2008, 1.76% of children attended bilingual schools in primary education.[1]

قلعة فيتري المطلة على وادي فيليان والربع الشمال من فيتري.
Notre-Dame Church

In the 15th century, the castle was modified to keep up with developments in artillery design. It was decommissioned from a military post to become a comfortable residence for Jeanne of Laval-Châtillon and her son Anne de Montmorency. At the same time, many half-timbered houses and private mansions were built inside the city. These medieval districts are characterized by their sturdy frame construction and their sinuous and dark streets, as well as by a network of lanes. From a defense perspective, these narrow streets were a confusing obstacle to taking the city. The frontages of the houses are made either of half-timbering or stone. The corbellings (projection of the higher floors over the street) helped saved space. They shielded pedestrians from bad weather, and they channeled rainwater into the central gutters, helping preserve the wooden facades.

The names of the Vitré's streets often originated from the trade guilds in the area: for example, "Baudrairie Street" was a gathering-place for "baudroyors" (leatherworkers), and there is also a "Street of Pottery".

The historical center of the city is the Place du Marchix or Market Square near the Convent of the Benedictines. The current Place of the Castle was the forecourt of the castle. The Place de Notre-Dame formerly hosted a "Market of Fabrics." Vitré, a prosperous city since the 15th century, had a brotherhood for promoting the international trade of textiles, founded in 1472.

Renaissance

Vitré was a city with an economy among the most flourishing of any city in the Duchy of Brittany. Its peak came in the 16th century when the brotherhoods of the Merchants of Overseas sold their hemp fabric throughout Europe. The merchants built large private mansions, producing the Renaissance elements that now punctuate the closed city. Henry IV passed through Vitré in 1598. He was struck by the opulence of these middle-class men, vitréens, and he exclaimed: "If I were not King of France, I would like to be a middle-class man of Vitré! ".

During the Wars of Religion, at the end of 16th century, the Protestant city was besieged for five months by the troops of the League under the command of the duke of Mercœur, governor of Brittany. During the 17th century, the barons of Vitré deserted the town for the Court of Versailles. The city lost its notoriety and became a quiet place.

This situation lasted through 18th century and until the arrival of the railroad in the middle of the 19th century. In addition, the end of the 18th century was marked by the Chouannerie, the end of the seigniory of Vitré and the beginning of a new and important period for the city, its role as a sub-prefecture.


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The 19th and 20th centuries

Castle Rochers-Sevigné

To prepare for the arrival of the railroads, the city decided to destroy the southern fortifications of the city to open up the closed city and to improve visibility. The Door "d'En-Haut" (1835), "Gâtesel" (1839) and "d'En-Bas" were destroyed to make way for developments in the south of the closed city.

Vitré has been a railway hub since the first lines were opened on 15 April 1857 on the Paris-Brest line. The construction of the station was carried out in 1855 in the form of a small neo-gothic manor house in the downtown area, just south of the closed city. The city was literally cut in two by this important railway influence. However, in spite of these industrial developments, the city developed little and remained a small market town within an agricultural area. Moreover, it lost its statute of sub-prefecture in 1926.

Vitré did not suffer massive destruction during the two World Wars, and preserved its historical inheritance, with the exception of Fougères, which underwent a terrible bombardment in June 1944, destroying a good part of it. In the aftermath of the Second World War, Vitré experienced an economic boom along with the rest of France.

From 1950 on, Vitré grew extensively. During "the thirty glorious years", Vitré experienced massive rural migration, like many other towns of France.

This migration triggered new building developments, including modern six-story buildings in the "Maison Rouge" district. The city has considerably developed and extended with industrial areas and suburbs. The population of Vitré expanded from 9,611 inhabitants in 1954 to around 17,000 today, an increase of 80% over half a century. Inner-city areas are protected to conserve the town's rich heritage of art and architecture. In 1999, Vitré obtained the label "Town of Art and History" because of its rich cultural inheritance. The town's monuments attract many tourists each year.

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المعالم

The heritage of the town of Vitré is a tremendous wealth. This is one of the cities of Brittany that has best preserved its original appearance with its houses with porch or timber-framed (the third city after of Rennes and Vannes in Brittany), its ramparts, its religious heritage, old streets, etc.. Vitré is a perfect example of a town of 500 years ago.

Castle of Vitré by night

القلاع

  • Château de Vitré (11th-20th century)
  • Remparts, Claviers' Tower, Bridole's Tower
  • Rochers-Sévigné Castle
  • Château-Marie (17th century)
  • Hôtel Ringues de la Troussanais (Renaissance)
  • Medieval streets (Beaudrairie, Poterie, d'Embas, etc.) and places (Marchix, Station, Château, Notre-Dame, etc.)

التراث الديني

Old barracks of 70e régiment d'infanterie
  • Saint-Nicolas Chapel (near Castle of Vitré)
  • Notre-Dame Church (14th century) gothic
  • Tower of the ancient Saint-Martin's Church (15th century)
  • Saint-Martin Church (19th century)
  • Sainte-Croix Church (17th-19th century)
  • Protestant Church
  • Convent of Bénédictins (Tribunal)
  • Convent of Augustins (17th century)
  • Chapels, calvaries situated in the city and countryside

معالم أخرى

  • Menhir "La Pierre Blanche" (Beauvais Road to Pocé-les-Bois)
  • Hôtel Sévigné-Nétumières (18th Century)
  • The Station (19th century)
  • Old barracks of 70e régiment d'infanterie
  • The Grand Park

أشهر أبنائها

Vitré was the birthplace of:

المناسبات

  • Monsters of Death, 28 September 1991
  • Vitre Jazz Festival, March 2006

المواصلات

Located east of Brittany, the city of Vitré is crossed by the expressway which prolongs motorway A 11, while the motorway of the Estuaries. As in the whole of the Ille-et-Vilaine département, the communes of the country of Vitré are accessible by these expressways. Vitré is unusual in that urban transportation is zero-fare for all routes.

العلاقات الدولية


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انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ (بالفرنسية) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue

وصلات خارجية

مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Vitré (Ille-et-Vilaine)

| Vitré (Ille-et-Vilaine)

]].
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Vitré.

قالب:Ille-et-Vilaine communes

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