فراي‌بورخ

فراي‌بورخ Vryburg
Vryburg town hall
فراي‌بورخ فراي‌بورخ
الإحداثيات: 26°57′0″S 24°44′50″E
البلد	جنوب أفريقيا
المحافظة	المحافظة الشمالية الغربية
District	Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati
البلدية	نالدي
المساحة
• الإجمالي	64٫24 كم² (24٫80 ميل²)
التعداد  (2011)
• الإجمالي	21٬182
• الكثافة	330/km2 (850/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
• Black African	40.8%
• Coloured	37.6%
• Indian/Asian	3.2%
• White	17.7%
• Other	0.7%
First languages (2011)
• Afrikaans	56.3%
• Tswana	33.0%
• English	6.4%
• Other	4.3%
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)	8601
PO box	8600
Area code	053

فراي‌بورخ (Vryburg، التي تعني في الأفريكانز الحصن الحر) هي بلدة زراعية كبيرة بتعداد 48,200 وتقع في بلدية منطقة د. روث سگوموتسي مومپاتي في المحافظة الشمالية الغربية في جنوب أفريقيا. وهي المقر والمركز الصناعي والزراعي لمنطقة بوفيريما.

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 الموقع

تقع البلدة في منتصف الطريق بين كمبرلي (عاصمة محافظة شمال الكاپ) و ماهي‌كنگ (عاصمة المحافظة الشمالية الغربية).

Vryburg is on Cecil Rhodes’s great northern railway, which ran from Cape Town through the Kimberley diamond fields, Vryburg, Mafeking, and northwards beyond the Victoria Falls. It is also on the N14 National Road which runs from Gauteng Province in a southwesterly direction through Vryburg, Kuruman and Upington to the mining town of Springbok in the north-western Cape. This road also connects Gauteng Province with Namibia.

The township of Huhudi (Tswana for “running water”) is situated just south of the town.

 التاريخ

 عاصمة جمهورية

The name Vryburg comes from the period in the 1882 when Vryburg was established as the capital of the Republic of Stellaland. The Republicans called themselves Vryburgers (“free citizens”), and since the Afrikaans word for “citizen” is burger and the word for “borough” (or “fortress”) is burg the name of the town followed. The first and only president was G.J. van Niekerk. A site for the township was selected and named Endvogelfontein. On 15 November the same year, the name was changed to Vryburg. In December that year, newly laid out plots were apportioned to the volunteers by means of a lottery and by February 1883 some 400 farms had been established. On 16 August 1883, Administrator Van Niekerk proclaimed the Republic of Stellaland with Vryburg as capital and himself as President.

By 1884 the town consisted of about 20 houses.

Stellaland split into two rival factions – those who supported annexation into the Cape Colony as mooted by Cecil Rhodes, and those who preferred independence. ^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

 بتشوانالاند البريطانية

In February 1884, the London Convention was signed, making Stellaland a British protectorate, with the Reverend John McKenzie appointed Commissioner to British Bechuanaland.

In 1885, the British seized the town and incorporated the area into British Bechuanaland, which in turn became part of the Cape Colony in 1895.

Vryburg today is the industrial and agricultural capital of the Bophirima (Western) region.

 معسكر اعتقال

During the Second Boer War, the British built a concentration camp here to house Boer women and children.

 جمعية لندن الإرسالية

The Tiger Kloof Native Institute was set up south of the town by the London Missionary Society in 1904. A cornerstone for the building of the institute was laid in 1905 by the Earl of Selborne. The stone church on the premises is a national monument.

 من مستعمرة إلى مقاطعة

By 1910, the Cape Colony became the Cape Province, one of the four provinces of the Union of South Africa and later the Republic of South Africa. When nine provinces were established in 1994, Vryburg finally became part of the North West Province.

 الاقتصاد

 انتاج لحوم الأبقار

Vryburg railway station

Vryburg is South Africa's largest beef-producing district, with Bonsmara cattle the most popular. ^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} It is sometimes called "the Texas of South Africa".

 المنتجات الأخرى

Maize and peanuts are important crops produced in the district. The town hosts South Africa's third largest agricultural show.

The town today is an industrial and agricultural hub. Its modern architecture blends naturally with its surroundings and the well-preserved old buildings are carefully maintained.

 المواصلات

There are roads, rail and air connections to all the major centers in the country. Vryburg is also situated on the main railway line from Cape Town to Botswana and Zimbabwe.

The town is served by Vryburg Airport.

 الثقافة

The Theiler Museum on the farm Armoedsvlakte, 8 km west of Vryburg, holds a collection of equipment used by Sir Arnold Theiler, the veterinarian who established the Onderstepoort veterinary research institute near Pretoria.

 النبيت والوحيش

The Leon Taljaard Nature Reserve is located north west of the town with the Swartfontein resort located adjacent to the reserve. The reserve has a number of animal species including Rhino, Eland, Buffalo, Black Wildebeest, Waterbuck and Springbuck. It is open daily to the public.

 انظر أيضاً

• Vryburg High School

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 المراجع

• Vryburg 1882-1982 Bornman, Hans (1982). Vryburg, 1882-1982. Vryburg: Stadsraad van Vryburg. ISBN 0620059885.

 وصلات خارجية

• Vryburg.com Online Portal
• Tiger Kloof Educational Institute
• Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute