عقد (زمن)

For other uses, see عقد (زمن) (توضيح).

عـِقد decade هي فترة 10 سنوات. العقود قد تصف أي فترة من عشر سنوات، مثلما في حياة شخص، أو قد تشير إلى تجميعات معينة من سنوات التقويم.

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الاستخدام

Any period of ten years is a "decade".[1] For example, the statement that "during his last decade, Mozart explored chromatic harmony to a degree rare at the time" merely refers to the last ten years of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's life without regard to which calendar years are encompassed. Also, 'the first decade' of a person's life begins on the day of their birth and ends at the end of their 10th year of life when they have their 10th birthday; the second decade of life starts with their 11th year of life (during which one is usually referred to as being 10) and ends at the end of their 20th year of life on their 20th birthday; the third decade, referred to as being in one's twenties (20s), starts with the 21st year of life (during which one is referred to as being 20) and ends at the end of the 30th year of life on their 30th birthday; subsequent decades of life are described in a similar way by reference to the tens digit of their age.


عقد 0-إلى-9

The most widely used method for denominating decades is to group years based on their shared tens digit, from a year ending in a 0 to a year ending in a 9 – for example, the period from 1950 to 1959 is the 1950s,[2] and the period from 1990 to 1999 is the 1990s. Sometimes, only the tens part is mentioned (50s or fifties, and 90s or nineties), although this may leave it ambiguous as to which century is meant. However, this method of grouping decades cannot be applied before AD 10, because there was no year 0.

Particularly in the 20th century, 0-to-9 decades came to be referred to with associated nicknames, such as the "Swinging Sixties" (1960s), the "Warring Forties" (1940s) and the "Roaring Twenties" (1920s). This practice is occasionally also applied to decades of earlier centuries; for example, referencing the 1890s as the "Gay Nineties" or "Naughty Nineties".

عقد 1-إلى-0

A rarer approach groups years from the beginning of the AD calendar era to produce successive decades from a year ending in a 1 to a year ending in a 0, with the years 1–10 described as "the 1st decade", years 11–20 "the 2nd decade", and so on; later decades are more usually described as 'the Nth decade of the Mth century' (using the strict interpretation of 'century').[أ] For example, "the second decad of the 12th. Cent." [sic];[3] "The last decade of that century";[4] "1st decade of the 16th century";[5] "third decade of the 16th century";[6] "the first decade of the 18th century".[7] This decade grouping may also be identified explicitly; for example, "1961–1970";[8] "2001–2010";[9] "2021–2030".[10] The BC calendar era ended with the year 1 BC and the AD calendar era began the following year, AD 1. There was no year 0.

مقارنة طرق الاستخدام
السنة 1 2 3 ... 9 10 11 12 ... 19 20 ... 2000 2001 2002 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 ... 2019 2020 2021 2022 ... 2029 2030
عقد 0-إلى-9 0s 10s ... 2000s 2010s 2020s ...
عقد 1-إلى-0 1–10 11–20 ... 2001–2010 2011–2020 2021–2030

الاستخدام العام للطريقتين

A YouGov poll was conducted on December 2, 2019, asking 13,582 adults in the United States, "When do you think the next decade will begin and end?" Results showed that 64% answered that the next decade would begin on January 1, 2020, and will end on December 31, 2029 (0-to-9 method); 17% answered that the next decade will begin on January 1, 2021, and will end on December 31, 2030 (1-to-0 method); 19% replied that they did not know.[11]

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ "Decade". Lexico. 2020. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
  2. ^ "1960s". Memidex/Wordnet Dictionary/Thesaurus. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
  3. ^ 1837 HALLAM Hist. Lit. I. i. 19. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ 1878 DOWDEN Stud. Lit. I. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts". British Library. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  6. ^ "Illuminated Manuscripts from the Collection of Maurice Burrus (1882–1959)". CHRISTIE'S. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  7. ^ "French harpsichord music in the first decade of the 18th century". Oxford Academic. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  8. ^ "Past Poets Laureate: 1961–1970". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Milestones 2001–2010". United Nations. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  10. ^ "Solar Eclipses: 2021–2030". NASA. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  11. ^ "In recent years, there has been debate around when a decade begins and ends. When do you think the next decade will begin and end?". YouGov. Retrieved 21 December 2019.

ملاحظات

  1. ^ There are two ways of thinking about when a century begins and ends. The "strict" viewpoint counts centuries from −01 to −00, while the "popular" viewpoint counts centuries from −00 to −99. For example, the "first decade of the 19th century" may mean either 1801–1810 (if used in "strict" terms) or 1800–1809 (if used in "popular" terms). See century for more information.

وصلات خارجية

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