عطيل

Ira Aldridge as Othello, Henry Perronet Briggs (c. 1830)

عطيل (full title: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare, probably in 1603, set in the contemporary Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) fought for the control of the Island of Cyprus, a possession of the Venetian Republic since 1489. The port city of Famagusta finally fell to the Ottomans in 1571 after a protracted siege. The story revolves around two characters, Othello and Iago. Othello is a Moorish military commander who was serving as a general of the Venetian army in defence of Cyprus against invasion by Ottoman Turks. He has recently married Desdemona, a beautiful and wealthy Venetian lady much younger than himself, against the wishes of her father. Iago is Othello's malevolent ensign, who maliciously stokes his master's jealousy until the usually stoic Moor kills his beloved wife in a fit of blind rage. Due to its enduring themes of passion, jealousy, and race, Othello is still topical and popular and is widely performed, with numerous adaptations.

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الشخصيات

Othello – General in the Venetian military, a noble Moor
Desdemona – Othello's wife; daughter of Brabantio
Iago – Othello's trusted, but jealous and traitorous ensign
Cassio – Othello's loyal and most beloved captain
Emilia – Iago's wife and Desdemona's maidservant
Bianca – Cassio's lover
Brabantio – Venetian senator and Desdemona's father (can also be called Brabanzio)
Roderigo – dissolute Venetian, in love with Desdemona
Duke of Venice
Gratiano – Brabantio's brother
Lodovico – Brabantio's kinsman and Desdemona's cousin
Montano – Othello's Venetian predecessor in the government of Cyprus
Clown – servant
Senators
Sailor
Officers, Gentlemen, Messenger, Herald, Attendants, Musicians, etc.

الحبكة

Desdemona and Othello, by Antonio Muñoz Degrain, 1880

Othello costume. Illustration by Percy Anderson for Costume Fanciful, Historical and Theatrical, 1906

الاقتباسات والإشارات الثقافية

Othello as a literary character has appeared in many representations within popular culture over several centuries. There also have been over a dozen film adaptations of Othello.