شپاير

Coordinates: 49°19′10″N 8°25′52″E / 49.31944°N 8.43111°E / 49.31944; 8.43111
(تم التحويل من شپير)
شپاير
Schbaija (Palatine German)
Town
Speyer medieval centre
Medieval centre
Gedaechtniskirche
Gedächtniskirche
Old Gate (Speyer)
Old Gate
Speyer Cathedral
Speyer Cathedral
Old town skyline
Old town skyline
علم شپاير
Flag
درع شپاير
Coat of arms
Location of شپاير
شپاير is located in ألمانيا
شپاير
شپاير
شپاير is located in Rhineland-Palatinate
شپاير
شپاير
الإحداثيات: 49°19′10″N 8°25′52″E / 49.31944°N 8.43111°E / 49.31944; 8.43111
البلدألمانيا
الولايةراينلاند-پالاتينات
DistrictUrban district
التقسيمات4 Stadtteile
الحكومة
 • Lord mayorStefanie Seiler[1] (SPD)
المساحة
 • الإجمالي42٫58 كم² (16٫44 ميل²)
المنسوب
92 m (302 ft)
منطقة التوقيتCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
67346
Dialling codes06232
لوحة السيارةSP
الموقع الإلكترونيspeyer.de
الاسم الرسميShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz
النوعCultural
المعيار(ii)(iii)(iv)
التوصيف2021
الرقم المرجعي1636

شپاير Speyer ‏ هي بلدة في راينلاند-پالاتينات، ألمانيا، بسكان يناهزوا 50,000 نسمة. وبوقوعها بجانب نهر الراين، فإن مقاطعة شپاير هي على بعد 25 كم جنوب لودڤيگس‌هافن ومانهايم. أسسها الرومان، وهي واحدة من أقدم مدن ألمانيا. أوائل الأسماء المعروفة لها كانت Noviomagus و Civitas Nemetum, على اسم القبيلة التيوتونية، Nemetes، التي استقرت في المنطقة. وحوالي سنة 500، الاسم Spira ظهر لأول مرة في الوثائق المكتوبة. Spire, Spira، و Espira مازالت أسماء مستخدمة لـشپاير في اللغات الفرنسية والإيطالية والاسبانية. شپاير تهيمن على أفقها كاتدرائية شپاير، وعدد من الكنائس والبوابة القديمة Altpörtel . وفي الكاتدرائية، تحت المذبح العالي، توجد قبور ثمانية من الأباطرة الرومان المقدسين والملوك الجرمان.

The city is famous for the 1529 Protestation at Speyer. One of the ShUM-cities which formed the cultural center of Jewish life in Europe during the Medieval / Middle Ages, Speyer and its Jewish courtyard was inscribed on the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List in 2021.[2]

التاريخ

البلدة الامبراطورية شپاير

Reichsstadt Speyer
1294–1792
المكانةمدينة-دولة
العاصمةشپاير
الحكومةجمهورية
الحقبة التاريخيةالعصور الوسطى
• تأسست
ح. 10 ق.م.
• حصلت على Reichsfreiheit
1294
• دايت شپاير يقر مرسوم ڤورمز
19 أبريل 1529
• الاحتجاجات في شپاير
20 أبريل 1529
1688
1792
• ضُمت إلى باڤاريا
1816 1792
10 أغسطس 1946
سبقها		 تلاها
أسقفية شپاير
مونت-تونر


خط زمني

  • In 10 BC, the first Roman military camp is established (situated between the town hall and the episcopal palace), guarding the northeast frontier of the Roman Empire against Germanic barbarian tribes across the river to the east in Germania
  • In AD 150, the town appears as Noviomagus on the world map of the Greek geographer Ptolemy.
  • In 346, a Western Christian / Roman Catholic bishop for the town is mentioned for the first time.
  • 4th century, Civitas Nemetum appears on the Peutinger Map.
  • 5th century, Civitas Nemetum is destroyed.
  • 7th century, the town is re-established, and named Spira after a nearby Frankish settlement.
  • In 1030, emperor Conrad II starts the construction of Speyer Cathedral, today one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Also in the 11th century, the first city wall is built.
  • In 1076, emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire embarks from Speyer, his favourite town, for Canossa.
  • In 1084, establishment of the first Jewish community in Speyer.
  • In 1096, as Count Emicho's Crusader army on their journey in the First Crusade (also known as the People's Crusade) to the Muslim-occupied Holy Land, rages across the Rhineland slaughtering innocent Jewish communities in the Rhineland massacres. Speyer's Bishop John, with the local leader Yekutiel ben Moses, manages to secure the community's members inside the episcopal palace and later leads them to even stronger fortifications outside the town. It was ruled that anyone harming a Jew would have his hands chopped off.[3]
  • In 1294, the Roman Catholic bishop loses most of his previous rights, and from now on Speyer is a Free Imperial Town of the Holy Roman Empire.
  • In 1349, the Jewish community of Speyer is wiped out in a persecution pogrom.
  • Between 1527 and 1689, Speyer is the seat of the Imperial Chamber Court.[4]
  • During the 16th century Protestant Reformation era in 1526, at the first Diet of Speyer (1526) interim toleration of Lutheran teaching and worship is decreed by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
  • In 1529, at the second Diet of Speyer (1529) the Evangelical Lutheran states and supporting princes / electors of the Holy Roman Empire protest against the anti-Reformation resolutions (19 April 1529 Protestation at Speyer, hence the beginnings of the use of the descriptive term "Protestantism" / "Protestants").
  • In 1635, Marshal of France Urbain de Maillé-Brézé, together with Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, conquers Heidelberg and Speyer at the head of the Army of Germany.
  • In 1689, the town is heavily damaged by invading Royal French troops.
  • Between 1792 and 1814, Speyer during the long period of the French Revolutionary Wars and subsequent Napoleonic Wars is under French occupation and jurisdiction under the First French Republic and following First French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor Napoleon I), continuing earlier during the 18th century, by Royal French troops of the Kingdom of France, after the Battle of Speyerbach, a century before in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714).
  • In 1816, (following the fall of Napoleon), Speyer becomes the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of the Kingdom of Bavaria (later called the Bavarian Palatinate), and remains so for 129 years until the end of World War II in 1945.
  • In 1861, at the Speyer Cathedral, Edward VII was introduced to his future wife Alexandra by Crown Princess Victoria.[5]
  • Between 1883 and 1904, the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529 at the Diet of Speyer
  • In 1947, during post-World War II western Allied Powers-occupied Germany, the State Academy of Administrative Science is founded (later renamed German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer[6]).
  • In 1990, Speyer celebrates its 2000th anniversary, on the eve of a reunified Federal Republic of Germany, following the ebbing close of the Cold War.

Main sights

View of the river Rhine from the top of the Speyer Cathedral
View of Speyer from its cathedral

النقل

Speyer lies on the Schifferstadt-Wörth railway and offers hourly connections to Karlsruhe and cities in the Rhine-Neckar area (of which Speyer is also a part)


Speyer Airfield (German: Flugplatz Speyer) (ICAO: EDRY) is a general aviation airfield located 4 km south of the central business district of the city of Speyer.

العمَد

Since 1923 the mayor was a Lord Mayor.[8]

  • Philipp Lichtenberger (1855–1918) (1904–1911)
  • Ernst Hertrich (1911–1914) (first full-time mayor)
  • Otto Moericke (1880–1965) (1917–1919)
  • Karl Leiling (1919–1943)
  • Rudolf Trampler (1898–1974) (1943–1945)
  • Karl Leiling (1945–1946)
  • Hans Hettinger (1946)
  • Paul Schaefer (1946–1949)
  • Paulus Skopp (1905–1999) (1949–1969)
  • Christian Roßkopf (born 1930) (1969–1995)
  • Werner Schineller (born 1948) (1995–2010)
  • Hansjörg Eger (born 1964) (2011–2018)
  • Stefanie Seiler (born 1983) (since 2018)

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: قائمة البلدات التوأم والمدن الشقيقة في ألمانيا

شپاير متوأمة مع:[9]

معرض صور

شپاير: شارع ماكسميليان مع الكاتدرائية في نهايته
شارع رئيسي في شپاير، وكاتدرائية شپاير في الخلفية


انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Wahl der Oberbürgermeister der kreisfreien Städte, Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 30 July 2021.
  2. ^ "ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
  3. ^ Simon Schama, The History of the Jews, Vintage Books 2014 p.298
  4. ^  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Spires" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 25 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 694. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ "Edward VII (r.1901-1910)". The Royal Family. Retrieved March 16, 2025.
  6. ^ German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer
  7. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz". UNESCO World Heritage Centre (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2022-04-14.
  8. ^ Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer – Startseite
  9. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften" (official web site) (in German). Stadt Speyer. Retrieved 2015-01-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  10. ^ "International collaboration". gmiezno.eu. Gniezno. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  11. ^ "Ningde (China)" (official web site) (in German). Stadt Speyer. Retrieved 2015-01-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

وصلات خارجية

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