ستروفانتوس

ستروفانتوس
	Strophanthus preussii
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:	النبات
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Genus:	Strophanthus; DC., 1802
Synonyms
	Cercocoma Wall. ex G.Don; Christya Ward & Harv.; Faskia Lour. ex B.A.Gomes; Roupalia T.Moore & Ayres; Roupellia Wall. & Hook. ex Benth.; Roupellina (Baill.) Pichon; Zygonerion Baill.;

ستروفانتوس Strophanthus هو جنس من النباتات المزهرة في فصيلة Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1802. It is native primarily to tropical Africa, extending to South Africa, with a few species in Asia from southern India to New Guinea and southern China.^[1]^[2] The name (strophos anthos, "twisted flower") derives from the long, twisted, threadlike segments of the corolla, which attain a length of 30–35 cm^[2] in S. preussii.

The genus includes vines, shrubs, and small trees. The leaves are opposite or whorled, simple broad lanceolate, 2–20 cm long, with an entire margin.

Several African tribes used Strophanthus as the principal ingredient in arrow poison. After dipping the arrows of their hunting weapons into a strong concentration of the ingredient, the effect was to stun their prey.

Plants from this genus produce toxic alkaloids and cardiac glycosides g-strophanthin (syn. ouabain), k-strophanthin, and e-strophanthin. As ordinarily administered, the drug acts on the heart before influencing any other organ or tissue.^[2] Indeed, often no other effect may be observed. Some of the chemicals in the plants are used to produce the drug Ouabain, which was taken as a cardiac stimulant to treat heart failure and sometimes g-strophanthin is advocated as an alternative treatment to more contemporary practices. The effect is similar to that of the drug Digoxin, which is produced from Digitalis purpurea.^[2]

Species^[1]

Strophanthus amboensis - Zaïre to Namibia
Strophanthus arnoldianus - Zaïre
Strophanthus barteri - Liberia to Gabon
Strophanthus bequaertii - E Zaïre, Rwanda, SW Uganda
Strophanthus boivinii - Madagascar
Strophanthus bullenianus - Zaïre to Nigeria
Strophanthus caudatus - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea
Strophanthus congoensis - Zaïre to Cameroon
Strophanthus courmontii - Kenya to Zimbabwe
Strophanthus demeusei - Zaïre
Strophanthus divaricatus - S China, Vietnam, Laos
Strophanthus eminii - Zaïre, Zambia, Tanzania
Strophanthus gardeniiflorus - S Zaïre, N Zambia, E Angola
Strophanthus gerrardii - Mozambique, Swaziland, NE South Africa
Strophanthus gracilis - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon
Strophanthus gratus - Zaïre to Senegal
Strophanthus hispidus - Senegal to Uganda to Angola
Strophanthus holosericeus - S Zaïre, N Zambia
Strophanthus hypoleucos - Mozambique, Tanzania
Strophanthus kombe - Kenya to Namibia
Strophanthus ledienii - W Zaïre, NW Angola
Strophanthus luteolus - Mozambique, South Africa
Strophanthus mirabilis - Somalia, Kenya
Strophanthus mortehanii - Zaïre to Cameroon
Strophanthus nicholsonii - Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Strophanthus parviflorus - Cameroon to Angola
Strophanthus perakensis - Indochina, Perak in Malaysia
Strophanthus petersianus - Kenya to KwaZulu-Natal
Strophanthus preussii - Liberia to Tanzania to Angola
Strophanthus puberulus - Sumbawa in Indonesia
Strophanthus sarmentosus - Liberia to Uganda to Angola
Strophanthus singaporianus - W Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo
Strophanthus speciosus - South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
Strophanthus thollonii - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast†
Strophanthus vanderijstii - Zaïre, Angola
Strophanthus wallichii - S China, Himalayas, Indochina, W Malaysia
Strophanthus welwitschii - Tanzania to Angola
Strophanthus wightianus - S India
Strophanthus zimmermannianus - Kenya, Tanzania

formerly included in genus^[1]

Strophanthus aambe = Papuechites aambe
Strophanthus balansae = Anodendron paniculatum
Strophanthus jackianus = Wrightia dubia

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الهامش

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 17, 2014.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Strophanthus" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 25 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1041–1042. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

وصلات خارجية

Strophanthus in West African plants - A Photo Guide.

قالب:Apocynaceae-stub

[r-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 17, 2014.

[EB1911-2] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Strophanthus" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 25 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1041–1042. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

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