سباحة حرة

هذا المقال هو عن the general unregulated swimming style. إذا كنت تريد the most common freestyle stroke، انظر Front crawl.

Start of the women's 400 m freestyle at the 2008 European Championships

السباحة الحرة Freestyle هي تصنيف في swimming competition, defined by the rules of the International Swimming Federation (FINA), in which competitors are subject to a few limited restrictions on their swimming stroke. Freestyle races are the most common of all swimming competitions, with distances beginning with 50 meters (50 yards) and reaching 1500 meters (1650 yards), also known as the mile. The term 'freestyle stroke' is sometimes used as a synonym for 'front crawl', as front crawl is the fastest swimming stroke. It is now the most common stroke used in freestyle competitions.

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 التكنيك

Freestyle swimming implies the use of legs and arms for competitive swimming, except in the case of the individual medley or medley relay events. The front crawl is most commonly chosen by swimmers, as this provides the greatest speed. During a race, the competitor circles the arms forward in alternation, kicking the feet up and down (flutter kick). Individual freestyle events can also be swum using one of the officially regulated strokes (breaststroke, butterfly, or backstroke). For the freestyle part of medley swimming competitions, however, one cannot use breaststroke, butterfly, or backstroke. Front crawl is based on the Trudgen that was improved by Richmond Cavill from Sydney, Australia. Cavill developed the stroke by observing a young boy from the Solomon Islands, Alick Wickham. Cavill and his brothers spread the Australian crawl to England, New Zealand and America, creating the freestyle used worldwide today. During the Olympic Games, front crawl is swum almost exclusively during freestyle. Some of the few rules state that swimmers must touch the end of the pool during each length and cannot push off the bottom, hang on the wall, or pull on the lane lines during the course of the race. However other than this any form or variation of strokes is considered legal with the race. As with all competitive events, false starts can lead to disqualification of the swimmer.

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 المسابقات

Men's 100 m freestyle at the 2006 Euros

There are nine competitions used in freestyle swimming, both using either a long course (50 meter) or a short course (25 meter) pool. The United States also employs short course yards (25 yard pool). In the United States, it is common for swimmers to compete in a 25-yard pool during the Fall, Winter, and Spring, and then switch over to a 50-meter pool format during the Summer.

• 50 m freestyle (50 yards for short course yards)
• 100 m freestyle (100 yards for short course yards)
• 200 m freestyle (200 yards for short course yards)
• 400 m freestyle (500 yards for short course yards)
• 800 m freestyle (1000 yards for short course yards)
• 1500 m freestyle (1650 yards for short course yards)
• 4×50 m freestyle relay (4 x 50 yards for short course yards)
• 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (4 x 100 yards for short course yards)
• 4 × 200 m freestyle relay (4 x 200 yards for short course yards)

Young swimmers (typically 8 years old and younger) have the option to swim a 25 yard/meter freestyle event.

Freestyle is also part of the medley over the following distances:

• 100 m individual medley (short 25 m pool only)
• 200 m individual medley (200 yard individual medley in short course yards)
• 400 m individual medley (400 yards individual medley in short course yards)
• 4 × 100 m medley relay (4 x 100 yard medley relay in short course yards)
• 4 × 200 m medley relay (4 x 200 yard medley relay in short course yards)

In the long-distance races of the 800 meter (1,000 yards) and 1500 meter (1650 yards), some meets hosted by FINA (including the Olympics) only have the 800 meter (1,000 yards) distance for women and the 1500 meter (1650 yards) distance for men. However, FINA does keep records in the 1500 meter (1650 yards) distance for women and the 800 meter (1,000 yards) distance for men, and the FINA World Championships, as well as many other meets, have both distances for both sexes.

 للاستزادة

• Hines, Emmett W. (1998). Fitness Swimming. Human Kinetics Publishers. ISBN 0-88011-656-0.
• Laughlin, Terry (2001). Swimming Made Easy: The Total Immersion Way for Any Swimmer to Achieve Fluency, Ease, and Speed in Any Stroke. Total Immersion Inc. ISBN 1-931009-01-5.
• Colwin, Cecil (2002). Breakthrough Swimming. Human Kinetics Publishers. ISBN 0-7360-3777-2.
• The Macquarie Dictionary Online. Macquarie Dictionary Publishers Pty Ltd. 2007.

 انظر أيضاً

• 100 metres freestyle
• List of world records in swimming
• تاريخ السباحة

 وصلات خارجية

• Swim.ee: Detailed discussion of swimming techniques and speeds
• How to learn efficient freestyle swimming
• FINA World records list
• Course Conversion Calculator at SwimCoachTools