رجل أورفا

Urfa Man
Urfa man.jpg
Urfa man, in the Şanlıurfa Museum
الخامةSandstone
الحجم1.80 meters
أنشئت9000 BCح. 9000 BC
الموقع الحاليŞanlıurfa Museum, تركيا
Urfa is located in الشرق الأدنى
Urfa
Urfa
Urfa is located in تركيا
Urfa
Urfa

رجل أورفا Urfa man ، ويُعرف أيضاً بإسم Balıklıgöl statue, is an ancient human shaped statue found during excavations in Balıklıgöl near Urfa, in the geographical area of Upper Mesopotamia, in the southeast of modern Turkey.[1][2] It is dated 9000 BCح. 9000 BC to the period of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, and was considered as "the oldest naturalistic life-sized sculpture of a human".[3] It is considered as contemporaneous with the sites of Göbekli Tepe (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A/B) and Nevalı Çori (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B).[4]

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الاكتشاف

The statue was found during construction work, and the exact location of the find has not been properly recorded, but it may have come from the nearby Pre-Pottery Neolithic A site of Urfa Yeni-Yol.[1] This is not far from other known Pre-Pottery Neolithic A sites around Urfa: Göbekli Tepe (about 10 kilometers), Gürcütepe.[1] It is reported that it was discovered in 1993 on Yeni Yol street in Balıklıgöl, at the same location where a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site was investigated from 1997.[5]

The statue is nearly 1.90 meters tall.[6] The eyes form deep holes, in which are set segments of black obsidian.[3] It features a V-shaped collar or necklace.[5][3] The hands are clasped in front, covering the genitals.[5] The statue is thought to date to around 9000 BC, and is often claimed to be the oldest known statue in the world.[5][7][8]


السياق

Before the Urfa Man, numerous small-sized statuettes are known from the Upper Paleolithic, such as the Löwenmensch figurine (ح. 40,000 BC), the Venus of Dolní Věstonice (c. 30,000 BC), the Venus of Willendorf (c. 25,000 BC) or the realistic Venus of Brassempouy (ح. 25,000 BC).

Slightly later than the Urfa Man, Pre-Pottery Neolithic C, anthropomorphic statues are known from the Levant, such as the 'Ain Ghazal Statues. In 2023, it was announced that excavations carried out at Karahan Tepe have turned up a human statue dates back to around 9,400 BC. [9]

التفاصيل

  • Another view of the statue

    Another view of the statue

  • Urfa man portrait, with obsidian stones in the eye sockets

    Urfa man portrait, with obsidian stones in the eye sockets

  • Urfa man detail

    Urfa man detail

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب ت Potts, Daniel T. (2012). A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (in الإنجليزية). John Wiley & Sons. p. 155. ISBN 9781444360776.
  2. ^ Guilaine, Jean (2008). Les Racines de la Méditerranée et de l'Europe (in الفرنسية). Fayard. p. 14. ISBN 9782213646268.
  3. ^ أ ب ت Chacon, Richard J.; Mendoza, Rubén G. (2017). Feast, Famine or Fighting?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity (in الإنجليزية). Springer. p. 120. ISBN 9783319484020.
  4. ^ Laneri, Nicola (2015). Defining the Sacred: Approaches to the Archaeology of Religion in the Near East (in الإنجليزية). Oxbow Books. p. 162. ISBN 9781782976837.
  5. ^ أ ب ت ث Collins, Andrew (2014). Gobekli Tepe: Genesis of the Gods: The Temple of the Watchers and the Discovery of Eden (in الإنجليزية). Simon and Schuster. p. 66. ISBN 9781591438359.
  6. ^ Çelik, Bahattin. "Şanlıurfa - Yeni Mahalle Höyüğü in the Light of Novel C14 Analysis". (PDF) Şanlıurfa - Yeni Mahalle Höyüğü in the Light of Novel C14 Analysis. Retrieved 2020-03-05.
  7. ^ Garrard-Burnett, Virginia; Yildirim, Yetkin (2011). Flying with Two Wings: Interreligious Dialogue in the Age of Global Terrorism (in الإنجليزية). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 133. ISBN 9781443832243.
  8. ^ Schmidt, Klaus (2006). Sie bauten die ersten Tempel. Das rätselhafte Heiligtum der Steinzeitjäger. Die archäologische Entdeckung am Göbekli Tepe. München: Beck. p. 288. ISBN 978-3-406-68806-5.
  9. ^ "Archaeologists in Turkey Have Unearthed Human and Animal Sculptures That Are the Earliest Examples of Prehistoric Art". 23 October 2023.
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