خط أنابيب قزخستان - الصين
| Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline | |
|---|---|
 المراحل الثلاث لخط أنابيب قزخستان-الصين | |
| الموقع | |
| البلد | قزخستان, الصين |
| الاتجاه العام | west–east |
| من | Atyrau |
| يمر عبر | Aktobe, Kenkiyak, Kumkol, Atasu |
| إلى | Alashankou |
| معلومات عامة | |
| النوع | oil |
| الشركاء | China National Petroleum Corporation, KazMunayGas |
| المعلومات التقنية | |
| الطول | 2,228 km (1,384 mi) |
| أقصى سعة | 20 million tonnes per year |
خط أنابيب قزخستان-الصين ، هو أول خط أنابيب تصدير نفط صيني مباشر. عند الإنتهاء منه بالكامل سيبلغ طوله 3,000 كم وسوف يمر من أتيراو في قزخستان إلى Alashankou في منطقة شينجيانگ الذاتية الحكم الاويغورية. سوف يتم تطوير خط الأنابيب عن طريق المؤسسة الصينية الوطنية للنفط (CNPC) وشركة النفط القزخية KazMunayGas.[1]
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التاريخ
الوصف الفني
The 2,228 kilometres (1,384 mi) long pipeline runs from Atyrau in Kazakhstan to Alashankou in China's Xinjiang. The Kenkiyak-Atyrau section of the pipeline is 449 kilometres (279 mi) long and has a capacity of 120 ألف برميل في اليوم (~6٫0×106 طن/a). Capacity of the pipeline maybe upgraded to 180 ألف برميل في اليوم (~9٫0×106 طن/a) in the future. The pipeline was built and is operated by MunaiTas a joint venture between the China National Petroleum Corporation and KazMunayGas.
The Atasu-Alashankou section of the pipeline cost US$700 million. It is 987 kilometres (613 mi) long and has a capacity of 200 ألف برميل في اليوم (~1٫0×107 طن/a). Capacity of this section might be upgraded to 400 ألف برميل في اليوم (~2٫0×107 طن/a) by 2011.[2][3] The pipeline includes an oil metering station at the Alataw Pass.[1] The pipeline was built and is operated by a joint venture between CNODC and KazTrans Oil JSC. The first oil through this pipeline reached the refinery in August 2006.
The Kenkiyak-Kumkol section is 792 kilometres (492 mi) long. It has initial transportation capacity of 10 million tons per year.[4] This section has reached its full capacity in 2011.[5]
القطاع الثالث: Alashankou–Dushanzi Crude Oil Pipeline
In Alashankou, the pipeline is connected with the Alashankou–Dushanzi Crude Oil Pipeline, which is a 246 kilometres (153 mi) long pipeline connecting the Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline with Dushanzi District.[6][7] The capacity of pipeline is 10 million tons of oil per year and it supplies mainly the Dushanzi refinery. The pipeline became operational on 21 December 2005 and the first oil through this pipeline reached to the refinery on 29 July 2006.[8] The pipeline is constructed and operated by the China National Petroleum Corporation.
إمدادات النفط
The Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline is supplied from the Aktobe region's fields and from the Kumkol oil field. In the future, the main supply source will be Kashagan field. The pipeline is used also for the transportation of oil from Russia's western Siberia by connection with the Omsk (Russia)–Pavlodar (Kazakhstan)–Shymkent–Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline in Atasu oil terminal.[9] Oil is transported through this pipeline by Russian companies TNK-BP and Gazprom Neft.[10]
انظر أيضاً
- Central Asia – China gas pipeline
- Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline
- Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha product oil pipeline
المصادر
- ^ أ ب "Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline opens to operation". Xinhua. 2006-07-12. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةpeoplesdaily - ^ "China-Kazakhstan pipeline starts to pump oil". China Daily. 2005-12-25. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةCNPC - ^ "Beijing digs in with Kazakh pipes". Upstream Online. NHST Media Group. 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
- ^ Sébastien Peyrouse (September 2007). "Economic Aspects of the Chinese–Central Asia Rapprochement" (PDF). Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ "Pipeline carries Kazakh oil to China". China Daily. Xinhua. 2006-07-30. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ "Major events 2006". China National Petroleum Corporation. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
- ^ Alexander Sukhanov (2005-02-09). "Caspian oil exports heading east". Asian Times. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Gazprom Neft asks to send more oil to China". Reuters. 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
وصلات خارجية
- The Geopolitics of Oil Pipelines in Central Asia, Article on the Kazahstan-China pipelines featured in Vestnik, the Journal of Russian and Asian Studies Winter 2007
- Chow, Edward, "Central Asia’s Pipelines: Field of Dreams and Reality," in Pipeline Politics in Asia: The Intersection of Demand, Energy Markets, and Supply Routes (National Bureau of Asian Research, 2010)
- The Geopolitics of Oil Pipelines in Central Asia, Article on the Kazakhstan-China pipelines featured in Vestnik, the Journal of Russian and Asian Studies Winter 2007