خط أنابيب سخالين-خبروڤسك-ڤلاديڤوستك

خط أنابيب سخالين-خبروڤسك-ڤلاديڤوستك
Location of Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline
Location of Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline
الموقع
البلدFar East, Russia
الاتجاه العامeast-west-south
منSakhalin
يمر عبرKomsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk
إلىVladivostok
معلومات عامة
النوعغاز طبيعي
الشركاءGazprom
المشغلGazprom Invest Vostok
فـُوِّض8 September 2011[1]
المعلومات التقنية
الطول1,822 km (1,132 mi)
أقصى سعة36.5 بليون متر مكعب سنوياً

The Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline is a pipeline for natural gas in Russia, transporting Sakhalin's gas to the most populated and industrialized regions of the Russian Far East (Khabarovsk Krai and Primorsky Krai). It is also projected to become a part of an international export route, carrying Russian gas to East Asian countries, such as the People's Republic of China, South Korea and Japan. The pipeline is owned and operated by Gazprom. It was opened on 8 September 2011.

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التاريخ

The project was announced in September 2007, when the Russian Federation's Industry and Energy Ministry approved the gas Development Program for Eastern Siberia and the Far East.[2] It was aimed at reducing utility prices in the Russian Far East by replacing more expensive coal and petroleum at the regional power and heating plants with cheaper natural gas.[1]

The pipeline project was approved by Gazprom's board of directors on 23 July 2008. At the same meeting, Gazprom's board of directors agreed to purchase the Komsomolsk–Khabarovsk pipeline, commissioned in November 2006 by Daltransgaz, a former subsidiary of Rosneft.[3][4] Design and exploration work was completed in November 2008 and working documentation was prepared by April 2009.[5]

Construction began on 31 July 2009 in Khabarovsk with a ceremony, which was attended by the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.[2][6] The pipeline was opened on 8 September 2011. The opening ceremony on Russky Island was again attended by Prime Minister Putin.[1][7]

The first gas consumer in the Primorsky Krai was Vladivostok Combined Heat and Power Plant 2 (CHPP-2), tasked with converting from coal to natural gas. In early 2012, CHPP-1 and the heating plant in Severnaya will be converted to natural gas.[8][9]


المسار

The 1,822-kilometre (1,132 mi) Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok gas transport system consists of three sections.[2][10] The Khabarovsk–Vladivostok section together with the first phase of the Sakhalin–Komsomolsk section, which supplies gas from the Gazprom's Far East northern part's gas fields, will create a 1,350-kilometre (840 mi) pipeline system.[2] The third section - the 472-kilometre (293 mi) Komsomolsk–Habarovsk pipeline, commissioned in 2006-[8] would then be connected to the proposed Yakutia–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline.[2]

The pipeline will supply gas to China and Japan and there is a planned link to South Korea. From Vladvivostok, a Chinese pipeline under construction since 2015 by China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau will extend across China, reaching Shanghai.[11] The pipeline also will feed a planned LNG plant in Primorsky Krai, producing liquefied natural gas for export to Japan, and a proposed petrochemical complex.[12][13] There are also plans to supply gas from Vladivostok to Japan and South Korea by subsea pipelines.[10] An alternative route to South Korea would be via an overland pipeline through North Korea. According to Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, this proposed pipeline would help strengthen security in East Asia by meeting North Korea's energy needs and providing it with transit revenue. The project was also discussed during the visit of Kim Jong Il to Russia in August 2011.[14]

الوصف التقني

The capacity of the pipeline is 6 billion cubic metres (210 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year during the first stage, rising to 30 billion cubic metres (1.1 trillion cubic feet) by 2020, of which 8 billion cubic metres (280 billion cubic feet) would be supplied from Sakhalin.[2][8][15][16] It is expected to cost US$21–24 billion.[17][18]

The diameter of the Sakhalin–Komsomolsk and Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipelines is 1,220 millimetres (48 in), with a working pressure of 100 standard atmospheres (10 MPa). The diameter of the Komsomolsk–Khabarovsk pipeline is 700 millimetres (28 in).[8]

In addition to the three pipelines, the Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok system consists of the Sakhalin main compressor station, a gas distribution station in Vladivostok, a power supply, telemechanics, communications systems and access roads.[8]

مصدر الإمداد

The pipeline is fed from the Sakhalin-III project with additional gas provided from the Sakhalin-II project.[19] The main supply source is the Gazprom-owned Kirinskoye field.[9]

الملكية

The pipeline project was developed by Gazprom Invest Vostok, a subsidiary of Gazprom.[17] The pipeline is operated by Gazprom.[1]

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث Russia open new Far Eastern gas pipeline for Asian markets
  2. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح "Gazprom launches construction of Sakhalin – Khabarovsk – Vladivostok gas transmission system" (Press release). Gazprom. 31 July 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  3. ^ "Board of Directors approves the purchase of Sakhalin – Komsomolsk – Khabarovsk. Phase I. First Startup Complex gas pipeline" (Press release). Gazprom. 23 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  4. ^ Shuster, Simon (19 July 2008). "Russia Gazprom buys 25 pct of DalTransGas from Rosneft". Reuters. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  5. ^ "Construction Of The Gas Pipeline Sakhalin – Primorye To Come To The End In 2011". TIA Ostrova. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  6. ^ Paxton, Robin (31 July 2009). "Russia launches Far East pipeline, eyes Exxon gas". Reuters. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  7. ^ "Putin inspects Russky Island". Russia & India Reports. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  8. ^ أ ب ت ث ج "Gazprom commissions first startup complex of Sakhalin – Khabarovsk – Vladivostok GTS" (Press release). Gazprom. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  9. ^ أ ب "Gazprom: Over 90 Percent of Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok GTS Linear Part Welded Up (Russia)". LNG World News. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  10. ^ أ ب Watkins, Eric (12 July 2009). "Gazprom, Kogas sign MOU for Sakhalin-2 pipeline project". Oil & Gas Journal. Vol. 107, no. 26. PennWell Corporation. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  11. ^ "Gas pipeline to Russia has biggest pipes in China". CCTV America. 30 June 2015.
  12. ^ "Russia's Gazprom mulls new liquefaction plant in country's Far East". Platts (requires subscription). 24 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  13. ^ "Gas Will Be Delivered to Japan through Vladivostok". Vladivostok Times. 24 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  14. ^ Gabuyev, Aleksandr (22 August 2011). "North Korea to be pacified with gas". Izvestia. Russia & India Reports. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  15. ^ Medetsky, Anatoly (9 September 2011). "Gazprom Opens Pipeline to Sakhalin". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  16. ^ "Gazprom forecasts sharp rise in gas consumption in eastern Russia". RosBusinessConsulting. 11 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  17. ^ أ ب "Gazprom to spend $24 billion on Far Eastern gas pipeline". RIA Novosti. 4 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  18. ^ "Gazprom to build Russia's most expensive pipeline". The Sakhalin Times. 11 July 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
  19. ^ "Gazprom Tired of Waiting". RZD Partner. 6 June 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2009.

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