حصار عنتاب

Siege of Aintab
	جزء من the Franco-Turkish War
التاريخ	1 April 1920 - 8 February 1921
الموقع	Aintab, Aleppo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
النتيجة	French victory
المتحاربون
Kuva-yi Milliye	الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة French Armenian Legion;
القادة والزعماء
"Kılıç" Ali Bey; Şahin Bey; Şefik "Özdemir" Bey; Colonel Kenan Bey	Henri Gouraud ; General Quérette ; Général Goubeau ; Colonel Flye Sainte-Marie ; Colonel Abadie ; Colonel Andréa
القوى
Total force:; 2.920 militia fighters,; 6 machine guns,; 3 mountain guns	Total force:; 12,000 French soldiers,; 1,500 Armenian soldiers,; 4 tanks, 11 artillery batteries, 1,400 military animals, 6 aircraft, 1 mobile hospital
الضحايا والخسائر
6,317 killed (mostly civilians) ; over 2000 prisoners ; 1400 guns ; 10 machine guns	on 10 September: 1200 French soldiers, including 4 high rank officers, killed according to French Army sources

The Siege of Aintab^[8]^[9] (فرنسية: Les Quatres Sièges d'Aïntab^[10]) or Siege of Antep (تركية: Antep Kuşatması) was a military engagement between the Turkish National Forces and the French Army of the Levant occupying the city of Aintab (present-day Gaziantep) during the Turkish War of Independence (specifically its southern front, known as the Franco-Turkish War).

Fighting began in April 1920, when French forces opened fire on city. Fighting continued until February 1921.^[11]

According to Ümit Kurt, born in modern-day Gaziantep and an academic at Harvard’s Center for Middle East Studies,

"The famous battle of Aintab against the French … seems to have been as much the organised struggle of a group of genocide profiteers seeking to hold onto their loot as it was a fight against an occupying force. The resistance … sought to make it impossible for the Armenian repatriates to remain in their native towns, terrorising them [again] in order to make them flee. In short, not only did the local … landowners, industrialists and civil-military bureaucratic elites lead to the resistance movement, but they also financed it in order to cleanse Aintab of Armenians."^[12]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Timeline

1920

1 - 16 April: 1st Turkish siege
30 April - 23 May: 2nd Turkish siege
30 May - 18 June: 1920 armistice
29 July - 10 August: 3rd Turkish siege
11 August: beginning of French siege
21 November - 18 December: Goubeau column participation

1921

7 February: last exit attempt
8 February: sending of a city parliamentary mission - cease fire
9 February: capitulation

Notes

^ 2.070 armed and 850 unarmed fighters (=2.920)
^ In April 1920 the French forces consisted of 4,500 soldiers. With the arrival of Goubeau 4th division on 20 November 1920 the French siege force increased to: 13 infantry battalions and 1.5 cavalry regiment (=12,000 soldiers). After Goubeau's departure on 18 December the french force decreased to: 9 infantry battalions (four of which with less than 300 fighters) and 2 cavalry squadrons (=6500 soldiers). There are still 6000 men at the end of the siege
^ On 29 October 1919 the third battalion and the staff of the French Armenian legion (lieutenant-colonel Flye Sainte-Marie) were the bulk of the hastily assembled French force assigned to relieve Aintab British garrison. On 13 November, the third battalion (except 2 machine gun platoons) left the city. On 30 April 1920, Flye Sainte-Marie and French Armenian legion last soldiers went away. The French Armenian legion was dissolved on 1 September 1920.

References

^ Sabahattin Selek, Millî Mücadele II: İstiklâl Harbi (Yeni Türk Devletinin kuruluşu), p. 19.
^ Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Western Society for French History, Volume 24, Western Society for French History, 1997, p. 206.
^ ^أ ^ب Article about the Siege of Aintab Archived 6 أبريل 2012 at the Wayback Machine haber7, Serkan Bilge, 25.12.2008
^ ^أ ^ب "Gaziantep şehitlerinin anısı Savaş Müzesi'nde yaşatılıyor," Yeni Şafak, 14.08.2008 (in تركية)
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Kilis'in Antep Müdafaasındaki Yeri, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi (Atatürk Research Center): Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Number 31, Edition: 11, March 1995 (in تركية)
^ Kerr, Stanley E. The Lions of Marash: Personal Experiences with American Near East Relief, 1919-1922. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1973, p. 222. ISBN 978-0-87395-200-2.
^ Bir 'mecbur adam'ın romanı, Radikal, 08.01.2010 (in تركية)
^ Şimşir, Bilâl, İngiliz Belgelerinde Atatürk, 1919-1938, Volume 3, Istanbul: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, p. 168.
^ Documents on British foreign policy, 1919-1939, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1970, vol. 15, p. 155.
^ Abadie.Opérations au Levant - Les 4 sièges d'Aïntab (1920-1921) Paris:Charles-Lavauzelle et Cie, 1922 (french).
^ Gesar, A. "Agony of a City: The 314 Days of Aintab," Pts. 1-2, Armenian Review 30/2-3 (Summer-Autumn 1977): pp. 115-47, 265-81.
^ Ümit Kurt, Destruction of Aintab Armenians and Emergence of the New Wealthy Class: Plunder of Armenian Wealth in Aintab (1890s-1920s), Ph.D. Dissertation, Clark University, Worcester, MA, Strassler Center of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19 April 2016, quoted in Robert Fisk, "A beautiful mosque and the dark period of the Armenian genocide", The Independent, 15 October 2016

المفاهيم	تقسيم الدولة العثمانية - تأسيس الحركة - الثوريون الأتراك - الحركة القومية التركية
القضايا	أزمة چناق - تبادل السكان - الأشخاص غير المرغوب فيهم - منفيو مالطة - مجتمعات الثغور - لجنة كنگ-كرين - حركة الخلافة
الحملات	البريطانيون (الحلفاء): اسطنبول
	الثورات: القوة الانضباطية - تمرد أحمد أزناڤور - تمرد كوچ‌كيري
	الفرنسية: ماراش - عينتاب - اورفا
	اليونانية : سميرنا (إزمير) - أيدين - إينونو الأولى - إينونو الثانية - سكاريا - دملوپينار
	الأرمنية : اوتلو – ساري‌قامش – قارص – ألكسندروپول
الاتفاقيات	خط زمني
	الحلفاء: مؤتمر لندن - الدولة العثمانية: مؤتمر باريس للسلام, 1919 - مؤتمر سان ريمو - (البرلمان العثماني:) ميثاق ملي - معاهدة سيڤر
	الثوريون الأتراك: معاهدة ألكسندروپول - معاهدة موسكو (1921) - مؤتمر لندن - معاهدة سلام قيليقيا - معاهدة أنقرة (1921) - معاهدة قارص - مؤتمر لندن - هدنة مدانية - مؤتمر لوزان - معاهدة لوزان

[5] 2.070 armed and 850 unarmed fighters (=2.920)

[7] In April 1920 the French forces consisted of 4,500 soldiers. With the arrival of Goubeau 4th division on 20 November 1920 the French siege force increased to: 13 infantry battalions and 1.5 cavalry regiment (=12,000 soldiers). After Goubeau's departure on 18 December the french force decreased to: 9 infantry battalions (four of which with less than 300 fighters) and 2 cavalry squadrons (=6500 soldiers). There are still 6000 men at the end of the siege

[9] On 29 October 1919 the third battalion and the staff of the French Armenian legion (lieutenant-colonel Flye Sainte-Marie) were the bulk of the hastily assembled French force assigned to relieve Aintab British garrison. On 13 November, the third battalion (except 2 machine gun platoons) left the city. On 30 April 1920, Flye Sainte-Marie and French Armenian legion last soldiers went away. The French Armenian legion was dissolved on 1 September 1920.

[1] Sabahattin Selek, Millî Mücadele II: İstiklâl Harbi (Yeni Türk Devletinin kuruluşu), p. 19.

[2] Proceedings of the annual meeting of the Western Society for French History, Volume 24, Western Society for French History, 1997, p. 206.

[haber-3] أ ^ب Article about the Siege of Aintab Archived 6 أبريل 2012 at the Wayback Machine haber7, Serkan Bilge, 25.12.2008

[yeni-4] أ ^ب "Gaziantep şehitlerinin anısı Savaş Müzesi'nde yaşatılıyor," Yeni Şafak, 14.08.2008 (in تركية)

[atam-6] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج Kilis'in Antep Müdafaasındaki Yeri, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi (Atatürk Research Center): Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Number 31, Edition: 11, March 1995 (in تركية)

[8] Kerr, Stanley E. The Lions of Marash: Personal Experiences with American Near East Relief, 1919-1922. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1973, p. 222. ISBN 978-0-87395-200-2.

[10] Bir 'mecbur adam'ın romanı, Radikal, 08.01.2010 (in تركية)

[11] Şimşir, Bilâl, İngiliz Belgelerinde Atatürk, 1919-1938, Volume 3, Istanbul: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, p. 168.

[12] Documents on British foreign policy, 1919-1939, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1970, vol. 15, p. 155.

[13] Abadie.Opérations au Levant - Les 4 sièges d'Aïntab (1920-1921) Paris:Charles-Lavauzelle et Cie, 1922 (french).

[14] Gesar, A. "Agony of a City: The 314 Days of Aintab," Pts. 1-2, Armenian Review 30/2-3 (Summer-Autumn 1977): pp. 115-47, 265-81.

[15] Ümit Kurt, Destruction of Aintab Armenians and Emergence of the New Wealthy Class: Plunder of Armenian Wealth in Aintab (1890s-1920s), Ph.D. Dissertation, Clark University, Worcester, MA, Strassler Center of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 19 April 2016, quoted in Robert Fisk, "A beautiful mosque and the dark period of the Armenian genocide", The Independent, 15 October 2016

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[Note 1]

[5]

[Note 2]

[6]

[Note 3]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Timeline

1920

1921

Notes

References

Further reading