جرن

هذا المقال هو عن البناء. إذا كنت تريد الاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر جرن (توضيح).
Timber framed with siding of vertical boards was typical in early New England. Red is a traditional color for paint. Connecticut.
The Texas Technological College Dairy Barn in Lubbock, Texas, U.S., was used as a teaching facility until 1967.
Russian women using a hand powered winnowing machine in a threshing barn. Note the board across the doorway to prevent grain from spilling out of the barn, this is the origin of the term threshold.[1] Painting from 1894 by Klavdy Lebedev titled the floor or the threshing floor (Гумно).
Grange Barn, Coggeshall, England, originally part of the Cistercian monastery of Coggeshall. Dendrochronologically dated from 1237–1269, it was restored in the 1980s by the Coggeshall Grange Barn Trust, Braintree District Council and Essex County Council.
A bridge barn in Switzerland. The bridge (rather than a ramp) in this case also shelters animals.

الجرن barn، هي مبنى زراعي عادة ما يستخدم في المزارع لأغراض مختلفة. في أمريكا الشمالية، تشير كلمة مزرعة إلى المباني التي تأوي الماشية، وتشمل الأبقار والخيل، وكذلك المعدات والأعلاف وغالباً الحبوب.[2] نتيجة لذلك، فيستخدم مصطلح الجرن للإشارة إلى جرن التبغ، جرن الألبان، جرن الخراف، جرن البطاطس. في الجزر البريطانية يقتصر استخدام مصطلح الجرن على مباني التخزين المخصصة للحبوب الغير مطحونة وللأعلاف.[2][3] وتوجد الحظائر غالبا في المزارع أو في المزارع القديمة المهجورة. والزريبة هي الجرن المعدة لحفظ البقر.[4]

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التسمية

التاريخ

الإنشاء

The skeleton of a post and beam horse barn just after raising
جرن توماس رانك راوند في مقاطعة فاييت، إنديانا، الولايات المتحدة.



الاستخدامات

The hay track developed in the early 19th century, here showing how the hay hood (roof extension) covers the track. The gable wall of this barn is missing.


الخصائص

جرن في جنوب أونتاريو، كندا.
A barn of the Uster castle in the city of Uster, Switzerland
This barn in Thuringia, Germany has two outshots forming the recess to the middle barn doors.


الأنواع

مباني زراعية أخرى مرتبطة بالحظائر

مباني زراعية تاريخية

A short silo in the centre of the photograph is slanted slightly to the right, topped by a conical red roof. Three barns form a V shape behind the silo. To its right is a large barn, with slanted red roof and open doors. Perpendicular to it are two similar but smaller barns in series, visible to the left of the silo.
Barns and silo in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. These structures were torn down in March 2009.
Traditional Sasak rice barn in village of Sade, Lombok, Indonesia.
In Germany some hay barns were kept away from urban areas due to the risk of fire. These areas are called a Scheunenviertel from the German name for a barn, Scheune, which translates as "barn quarter".[5] This barn quarter is in Steinhude, Germany
The barn at Bjärka-Säby Castle, Sweden, around 1909.


معرض الصور

  • Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.

    Half-timbered barn with brick infill. Uetersen, Germany. This barn's proportions resemble a Low German house.

  • Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.

    Half-timbered with wattle-work walls for ventilation. Stryd Lydan Barn, originally at Llannerch Banna, Flintshire, North Wales. Re-erected at the St Fagans National History Museum, Cardiff, Wales in 1951.

  • Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands

    Wattle work walls in a sheep barn in Ruurlo, Netherlands

  • Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.

    Half-timbered barn walls with stone infill. Rödinghausen, Germany.

  • A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

    A barn (ovin) in the museum-estate of Surikov. Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

  • Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.

    Half-timbered wall with wattle and daub infill. Some of the plaster coating survives. Rödinghausen, Germany.

  • A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.

    A rare half-timbered barn with board infill in Syke, Lower Saxony, Germany.

  • Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material in this case clapboards (weatherboards).

    Grange barn, Coggeshall, England. This is a studded barn so the wall sheathing must be applied horizontally and covered with a siding material in this case clapboards (weatherboards).

  • A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.

    A type of barn in Metylovice, Czech Republic with stone piers and an infill of horizontal timbers.

  • Board-on-board siding and a thatch roof on this three bay barn in Bartoszówka, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

    Board-on-board siding and a thatch roof on this three bay barn in Bartoszówka, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland.

  • Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.

    Timber framed with the sheathing covered in clapboards. New Hampshire, U.S.A.

  • Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands

    Rare walls of boards and thatch. Drenthe, Netherlands

  • Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.

    Gable end of a brick barn with ventilation holes built into the brickwork.

  • LImestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

    LImestone walls in the Oak Hall Historic District, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

  • Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones are a style in part of England.

    Stone barns are common in parts of the United Kingdom, United States, France, and some Mediterranean countries. The projecting stones are a style in part of England.

  • Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.

    Abidiah Taylor Barn Chester County, Pennsylvania. Part of the Taylor-Cope Historic District. Built in either 1724 (date stone) or 1744 (wooden beam investigation), it is one of the oldest extant barns in the United States. Field stone walls.

  • The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.

    The combination of brick quoins with flint walls is common in (mostly older) buildings in this area of the Chilterns, Oxfordshire, England.

  • A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.

    A rare wall material is Cob which is similar to adobe. Devon, England.

  • Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland

    Round log barn in the skansen (open-air museum) in Sanok, Poland

  • Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.

    Hewn log barn painted red in Hedemora, Sweden.

  • No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.

    No walls are a characteristic of what in the United Kingdom is called a Dutch barn.

  • Corrugated metal siding

    Corrugated metal siding


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انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009. Threshold.
  2. ^ أ ب Allen G. Noble, Traditional Buildings: A Global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions (New York: Tauris, 2007), 30.
  3. ^ "Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
  4. ^ Byre | Define Byre at Dictionary.com
  5. ^ Cattelan, Maurizio. Von Mäusen und Menschen: 4. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst = Of mice and men : 4th Berlin Biennial for Contemporary Art. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2006. 89. Print.

وصلات خارجية

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