تلسكوب ماك ماث الشمسي

تلسكوب مكماث-پيرس الشمسي

أسماء بديلة	McMath–Pierce Telescope
المسمى	كيث پيرس، روبرت رينولدز مكماث
جزء من	Kitt Peak National Observatory
الموقع	أريزونا, الولايات المتحدة
الإحداثيات	inline 31°57′30″N 111°35′42″W
الهيئة	NOIRLab
الارتفاع	2,096 متر
وقت الرصد	79%
أول ضوء	1962
نمط التلسكوپ	تلسكوب عاكس تلسكوب شمسي
عدد التلسكوپات	3
القطر	161
الدقة الزاوية	0.07
مساحة التجميع	2.04 م²
البعد البؤري	87 متر
التركيب	تركيب إستوائي
الموقع الإلكتروني	nsokp.nso.edu/mp/
Location of تلسكوب مكماث-پيرس الشمسي

تلسكوب مكماث-پيرس الشمسي هو تلسكوب بصري شمسي عاكس يرتفع فوق المرصد الوطني في قمة كيت بالقرب من توسن، أريزونا بالولايات المتحدة. Built in 1962, the building was designed by American architect Myron Goldsmith and Bangladeshi-American structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan. It was the largest solar telescope and the largest unobstructed aperture optical telescope in the world. It is named after the astronomers Robert Raynolds McMath and Keith Pierce.

يركز هذا التلسكوب صورة الشمس عبر أنبوب مائل طوله 152 مترا على أجهزة في الأسفل, فينساب ضوء الشمس هابطا في الأنبوب إلى سلسلة من مرايا فتعكس المرايا صورة الشمس الى غرفة المراقبة التى تحت الأرض.

قدم هذا التلسكوب صورا ضوئية واضحة للشمس ظهرت فيها معالم عديدة.

It was originally called the McMath Solar Telescope, and then later renamed the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope in 1992. Although it is designed for observation of the Sun, it can also be used to view bright objects at night.

In 2018, the telescope received a 4.5 million USD grant for an enhanced visitor center and other programs, and to overall revitalize the national icon.

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 الإنشاء

داخل التلسكوب

The telescope is a triple instrument. In addition to the primary 1.61 m mirror fed by the 2.03 m heliostat, there are a pair of telescopes fed by 0.81 m heliostats mounted beside the main heliostat. These two instruments have 1.07 m and 0.91 m primary mirrors.

The top of the tower.

Results of adaptive optics

The telescope uses the heliostat at the top of its main tower to direct the Sun's light down a long shaft to the primary mirrors. The distinctive diagonal shaft continues underground, where the telescope's primary mirror is located. The theoretical resolution of the main telescope is 0.07 arcsec, although this is never reached because atmospheric distortions degrade the image quality severely. The image scale is 2.50 arcsec/mm at the image plane. Since 2002 the National Solar Observatory staff have developed an adaptive optics system designed for the unique needs of solar observatories that dramatically improve the resolution of science images.

The secondary telescopes are called East and West. They are completely independent of the main telescope. These two auxiliary telescopes each have a 0.91-meter heliostat located beside the main heliostat. These auxiliary telescopes have a slightly shorter focal length and f-numbers of 50 and 44. The resolution of the auxiliary telescopes is 5.11 arcsec/mm and 5.75 arcsec/mm.

The enclosure of the telescope was designed and engineered by the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.

At the dedication in 1962, Dr. Waterman read a letter from President John F Kennedy starting with:

The great new solar telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona is a source of pride to the nation. The largest instrument for solar research in the world, it presents American astronomers with a unique tool for investigating the nearest of the stars, our sun. This project is of exceptional interest to all our citizens...

 الأجهزة

The telescope observing room

The third mirror of the main telescope which sends the light down into the observing room can be moved above three different positions. Two of these have a vacuum spectrograph beneath them, one of 18 meter deep and the other 4 meter deep with lower resolution but higher light throughput. These two spectrographs are able to rotate to compensate for the rotation of the image caused by the use of a heliostat. The third position can only be equipped with a static optical table with no image rotation correction and is therefore rarely used.

A notification of 1992 rededication of the telescope.

The auxiliary telescopes can only be used for imaging on static optical tables and do not provide image rotation correction.

 انظر أيضا

• قائمة التلسكوبات الشمسية
• قوائم التلسكوبات
• Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (Major new solar telescope project of the early 21st century)
• مرصد كيت بيك
• تلسكوب برجي
• تلسكوب شمسي
• مرصد شمسي مداري

 المصادر

• مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |طبعة أولى coauthors= (help)

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to تلسكوب ماك ماث الشمسي at Wikimedia Commons
• Kitt Peak virtual tour: McMath–Pierce Solar Telescope
• "McMath Solar Telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory", A. K. Pierce, Applied Optics, 3, 1337–1346, 1964.
• A History of the McMath–Pierce
• Schematic diagram of the McMath–Pierce telescope
• Adaptive optics at the McMath–Pierce telescope