بيع المباريات

In organized sports, match fixing occurs as a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. The most common reason is to obtain a payoff from gamblers, but teams may also intentionally perform poorly to gain a future advantage, such as a better draft pick or, on paper, a less eminent opponent in a play-off. A player might also play poorly to rig a handicap system.

Match fixing, when motivated by gambling, requires contacts (and normally money transfers) between gamblers, players, team officials, and/or referees. These contacts and transfers can sometimes be found, and lead to prosecution by the law or the sports league(s). In contrast, losing for future advantage is internal to the team and very hard to prove. Often, substitutions made by the coach designed to deliberately increase the team's chances of losing (such as having key players sit out, using minimal or phantom injuries as an excuse), rather than ordering the players actually on the field to intentionally underperform, are cited as the main factor in cases where this has been alleged.

Match fixing generally refers to fixing the final result of the game. Other forms of match fixing, such as point shaving and spot fixing, involves fixing small events within a match which can be gambled upon, but which are unlikely to prove decisive in determining the final result of the game.

Other names for match fixing include game fixing, race fixing/race manipulation (especially in motorsports), sports fixing, or hippodroming. Games that are deliberately lost are sometimes called thrown games, especially when a team has nothing to play for (aka already qualified to next stage of competition or eliminated). In contrast, when a team intentionally loses a game, or does not score as high as it can, to obtain a perceived future competitive advantage, the team is often said to have tanked the game instead of having thrown it. In pool hustling, tanking is known as dumping. In sports where a handicap or ranking system exists and is capable of being abused (including various racing, grappling, and cue sports, and golf), tanking is known as sandbagging.

According to Sportradar, a company that monitors the integrity of sports events on behalf of sports federations, as many as 1% of the matches they monitor show suspicious betting patterns that may be indicative of match fixing.

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 الدوافع والأسباب

The major motivations behind match fixing are gambling and future team advantage. According to Declan Hill it has also been linked to corruption, violence and tax avoidance. In Eastern Europe mafia has links to illegal gambling and score fixing. In Russia people have disappeared or lost their lives after acting against bribes in sports.

 الاتفاقيات مع المقامرين

المقالة الرئيسية: بيع المباريات المتعلق بالمقامرة

 History

 Japan

للمزيد من المعلومات: Match-fixing in professional sumo

 Football

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 Quiz shows

المقالة الرئيسية: Quiz show scandals

 بائعو مباريات مشهورين

• محمد أزهر الدين
• روبرت هويزر
• ولسن راج پروما
• دان تان
• لو ڤنسنت
• هانسي كرونج
• أندريا ماسيلو
• لوسيانو موگي
• هنري هيل

 انظر أيضاً

• Bookmaker
• Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions
• List of match fixing incidents
• Match fixing in association football
• Match fixing in cricket
  • List of cricketers banned for match fixing
• Organized crime
• Over–under (both teams combined score betting)
• Point shaving (attempts to manipulate a match score based on the point spread)
• Sports betting
• Spot-fixing (attempts to manipulate certain portions of a match)
• Team orders