برعام

Coordinates: 33°03′30″N 35°26′00″E / 33.05833°N 35.43333°E / 33.05833; 35.43333
For other uses, see برعام (توضيح).
Bar'am
95227 cultural heritage of israel PikiWiki Israel.jpg
Bar'am is located in شمال شرق إسرائيل
Bar'am
Bar'am
الإحداثيات: 33°03′30″N 35°26′00″E / 33.05833°N 35.43333°E / 33.05833; 35.43333
DistrictNorthern
المجلسUpper Galilee
الانتماءKibbutz Movement
Founded16 June 1949
أسسهاDemobilized Palmach soldiers
التعداد
 (2019)[1]
594
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.baram.org.il

برعام (بالعبرية: בַּרְעָם‎، Bar'am ؛ وتعني حرفياً ابن الشعب)، وتـُكتب أيضاً Baram، هي كيبوتس في إصبع الجليل في شمال إسرائيل. Located approximately 300 meters from Israel's border with Lebanon near the ruins of the ancient Jewish village of Kfar Bar'am.[2] Bar'am National Park is known for the remains of one of Israel's oldest synagogues.[3] The kibbutz falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council and had a population of 594 in 2019.[1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

أطلال الكنيس القديم في كفار برعام
أطلال القرية المارونية المهجرة

The site of Bar'am has been inhabited by the Jews and their ancient ancestors the Israelites, since ancient times. The ancient Jewish village of Bar'am existed from the 3rd century BCE at its earliest with Jews maintaining a continuous presence in the village until sometime after the 13th century CE.[4] The village and its Jewish population is referenced in several historic accounts, In 1210 CE, Rabbi Shmuel bar Shimshon wrote of two beautiful synagogues that were in use in the Village of Baram in Galilee. These synagogues still stand today, and on the window over the right hand entrance of the larger synagogue, there is an engraving in Aramaic which reads "Built by Elazar son of Yuden (or Yudan)". Later in 1210, Rabbi Yehiel of Paris recorded his visit to the village in his writings. However by 1522, the Italian Rabbi Moshe Basula writes of the Bar'am's apparent abandonment, as did Rabbi Moshe of Jerusalem in 1769. The Maronite Christians from Lebanon built their village atop the Jewish ruins on the site sometime in the 19th century. Their church stands on top of the hill opposite the large synagogue. the Jewish population left Kfar Bar'am, which became a mainly Christian village called Kafr Bir'im on the Lebanese border, which was bulldozed by Israel in 1949. The Christian Arab inhabitants of the town were evicted from their homes due to the Israel Defense Forces insistence that the border area with Lebanon be empty of Palestinians.[4][5][6][7]


كيبوتس برعام

المنظر من مجدال برعام - كيبوتس برعام في الغابة. وفي الخلفية تظهر قرية مارون الراس اللبنانية.

Modern Bar'am is a secular kibbutz established by members of the socialist Hashomer Hatzair movement on 14 June 1949 to guard and hold the border with Lebanon by demobilized Palmach soldiers. Baram was the last kibbutz to dispense with the communal child rearing system that was once typical of kibbutzes in 1997, is looked upon by many as a sort of "nature reserve." A few kibbutzim have remained faithful to the original utopian ideology of everybody on the kibbutz being equal regardless of how long their tenure, and still provide three square meals a day in a communal dining room and hold general meetings to discuss and vote on important issues relating to Baram. Life in Bar'am centers around agriculture as well as tourism related to the nearby ancient synagogues and ruins, and the kibbutz has one of the largest volunteer programs.

Bar'am is one of the most popular kibbutzes for volunteers. Every Tuesday and Friday the kibbutzniks and volunteers can party at the local town pub.[8] Volunteers hail from South Africa, Denmark, Sweden, the US, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Britain, Brazil, Columbia, Ecuador, Mexico and Burma.[9]

In 2006, during the Second Lebanon War, the kibbutz came under attack from Hezbollah forces and suffered heavy shelling and missile fire which damaged the agricultural fields. The kibbutz is located mere metres away from the Lebanese border, and the Hezbollah flag flying in front of homes across the border is a common sight.[10]

In July 2006, several Katyusha missiles exploded in nearby fields.[11]

In the 2023 conflict between Hamas and Israel, Hezbollah targeted northern Israeli border communities, forcing evacuations, including in Bar'am.[12]

On October 21, Hezbollah launched anti-tank fire towards Bar'am, resulting in the injury of three IDF soldiers, one of them in serious condition.[13]

الاقتصاد

The economy of Kibbutz Bar'am is centered around agriculture, as Bar'am is home to numerous orchards where a variety of fruits including apples, pears, nectarines, plums, kiwi, and Chinese gooseberries are grown and harvested. The fields are tended by Jewish volunteers who live on the kibbutz. Some of the volunteers are from Israel, while most of them are Jews from abroad from countries such as Mexico, Canada, Australia, Columbia, the USA, and more. The kibbutz is also home to a packing plant, where the fruit is sorted, packed and kept in cold storage until it is delivered to markets throughout Israel.[9] Other crops include corn, peanuts and sunflower seeds. In addition, the kibbutz has ponds for fish farming. The kibbutz also has land holdings cultivated with cotton in the Hula Valley, near Ne'ot Mordehai.[8]

The kibbutz also has a factory that manufactures plastics for medical purposes.[9]

الثقافة

Bar'am operates the Bar David Museum which houses bi-annual exhibitions from the large permanent collection of paintings and Jewish ritual objects, plus temporary exhibitions of fine art, sculpture and photography, and a small Archeology Room that exhibits objects from the region, such as ceramic and glass artefacts, jewellery and statuettes.

معرض

  • A cultural hall designed by the architect Hilik Arad

    A cultural hall designed by the architect Hilik Arad

  • The dining room hall

    The dining room hall

  • The synagogue in Kibbutz Bar'am - side view

    The synagogue in Kibbutz Bar'am - side view

  • Migdal Baram at the summit of Mount Shafra

    Migdal Baram at the summit of Mount Shafra

  • In the celebrations of the establishment of the kibbutz, April 1949

    In the celebrations of the establishment of the kibbutz, April 1949

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ أ ب "Population in the Localities 2019" (XLS). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  2. ^ Jacob Neusner, Bertold Spuler & Hady R Idris (2001) Judaism in late antiquity, BRILL, p155
  3. ^ Steven Fine (2005) Art and Judaism in the Greco-Roman world: toward a new Jewish archaeology, Cambridge University Press, pp13–14
  4. ^ أ ب Yudin, Joe. "Off The Beaten Track: Baram's ancient synagogue". Jerusalem Post. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  5. ^ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #160
  6. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 461
  7. ^ Benny Morris (1997) Israel's border wars, 1949-1956: Arab infiltration, Israeli retaliation, and the countdown to the Suez War, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, p124
  8. ^ أ ب Trainor, Simon. "A timeless kibbutz experience: Kibbutz Baram - An Apple of a Time". WZO. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  9. ^ أ ب ت Where volunteers are no anachronism, The Jerusalem Post
  10. ^ "Rockets Fell on the New Tuscany". Economist. The Economist. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  11. ^ Einav, Hagai. "Katyusha rockets hit Galilee". Yedioth Ahronoth. YNet. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
  12. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF to evacuate civilians from 28 communities along Lebanese border amid attacks". www.timesofisrael.com (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  13. ^ "Casualties on Israel-Lebanon border as army trades fire with Hezbollah". France 24 (in الإنجليزية). 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-22.

ببليوجرافيا

وصلات خارجية

تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=برعام&oldid=3960157"