بانابا

Banaba

Banaba (formerly Ocean Island)
Banaba Banaba Banaba Banaba
الجغرافيا
الموقع	South Pacific Ocean
الإحداثيات	0°51′34″S 169°32′13″E
المساحة	6.29 km2 (2.43 sq mi)
أعلى منسوب	81 m (266 ft)
الإدارة
Kiribati
Island council	Banaba
السكان
التعداد	330 (2020)
الكثافة السكانية	52٫5 /km2 (136 /sq mi)
اللغات	Gilbertese
الجماعات العرقية	I-Kiribati (100%)
معلومات إضافية
Time zone	UTC+12:00

بانابا (Banaba) هي جزيرة تقع في المحيط الهادي، وهي جزء من كيريباس. تعرف أيضاً باسم "جزيرة المحيط" (Ocean Island). تقع غرب سلسلة جزر جيلبرت، وشرق ناورو. أعلى نقطة فيها هي أيضاً الأعلى في كيريباس، وتبلغ 81 متراً (266 قدماً). وهي مليئة بصخور الفوسفات، وتعتبر إحدى أغنى الجزر بها في المحيط الهادي، إلى جانب ناورو وماكاتي.

خريطة بانابا في زمن استخراج الفوسفات

القرية	التعداد
	1995	2005	2010
Antereen (Tabiang)	16	108	83
Umwa (Ooma, Uma)	269	135	155
Tabewa (Tapiwa, Tabwewa)	54	58	57
Buakonikai	-	-	-
بانابا	339	301	295

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 الجغرافيا

 المناخ

متوسط هطول الأمطار الشهري، مشتقاً من بيانات في الفترة 1951-1980

 Politics

المقالة الرئيسية: Rabi Council of Leaders

Flag of Banaba people used on Rabi Island

Despite being part of Kiribati, its municipal administration is by the Rabi Council of Leaders and Elders, which is based on Rabi Island, in Fiji. Internationally, the Banaban community is often represented by the Banaban Community Presidium.

On 19 December 2005, Teitirake Corrie, the Rabi Island Council's representative to the Parliament of Kiribati, said that the Rabi Council was considering giving the right to remine Banaba Island to the government of Fiji. This followed the disappointment of the Rabi Islanders at the refusal of the Kiribati Parliament to grant a portion of the A$614 million trust fund from phosphate proceeds to elderly Rabi islanders. Corrie asserted that Banaba is the property of their descendants who live on Rabi, not of the Kiribati government, asserting that, "The trust fund also belongs to us even though we do not live in Kiribati". He condemned the Kiribati government's policy of not paying the islanders.

On 23 December, Reteta Rimon, Kiribati's High Commissioner to Fiji, clarified that Rabi Islanders were, in fact, entitled to Kiribati government benefits—but only if they returned to Kiribati. She called for negotiations between the Rabi Council of Leaders and the Kiribati government.

On 1 January 2006, Corrie called for Banaba to secede from Kiribati and join Fiji. Kiribati was using Banaban phosphate money for its own enrichment, he said; of the five thousand Banabans in Fiji, there were fewer than one hundred aged seventy or more who would be claiming pensions.

 Future prospects

The stated wish of the Kiribati government to reopen mining on Banaba is strongly opposed by many in the Banaban diaspora.

Some of the leaders of the displaced Banaban community in Fiji have called for Banaba to be granted independence. One reason given for the maintenance of a community on Banaba, at a monthly cost of F$12,000, is that if the island were to become uninhabited, the Kiribati government might take over the administration of the island, and integrate it with the rest of the country. Kiribati is believed to be anxious to retain Banaba, in the hope of mining it in the future. Like Kiritimati, it is a low-lying coral atoll but less susceptible to rising sea levels.

 Other

Science fiction and fantasy author Hugh Cook lived on Ocean Island for two years as a child and it was an influence on much of his work. "When I was a small child – aged five and six, I think – I spent two years on Ocean Island, a dot in the Pacific Ocean near the equator. (Ocean Island is now called Banaba.) The Untunchilamon milieu has very much the flavor of Ocean Island – heat, flying fish, ghost crabs, red ants, scorpions, and the remnants of deceased military civilizations. (Ocean Island was littered with World War Two debris from the Japanese military occupation.)"

 انظر أيضاً

• Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands
• Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru

 Further reading

• Correspondent. (5 June 1913). "Modern buccaneers in the West Pacific". The New Age, pp. 136–140 (Online). Available: [1] (accessed 12 June 2015).
• Treasure Islands: The Trials of the Ocean Islanders by Pearl Binder (published by Blond & Briggs in 1977), an emotional account of the Banaban's troubles.
• Go Tell It to the Judge, a TV documentary by the BBC on the court case brought by the Banabans in London. It was first broadcast on 6 January 1977, shortly after judgement was reached.
• An account of the Banaban's struggle with the British Phosphate Commission and the British government, as of 1985, can be found in the book On Fiji Islands by Canadian author Ronald Wright. This also contains descriptions of Rabi Island, to which the majority of Banabans were removed after World War II.
• A Pattern of Islands, memoirs by Sir Arthur Grimble (published 1957), recounts his stay on the island at the beginning of his career, starting from 1914.
• Consuming Ocean Island: Stories of People and Phosphate from Banaba, Katerina Martina Teaiwa, 2015, Indiana University Press, pp 272.
• Maude, H. C.; Maude, H. E. (1932). "The Social Organization of Banaba or Ocean Island, Central Pacific". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 41 (4(164)): 262–301. JSTOR 20702446. OCLC 1250190393.
• Maude, H. C.; Maude, H. E., eds. (1994). The Book of Banaba: From the Maude and Grimble Papers; and Published Works. Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific. ISBN 978-0-646-20128-3.
• David Jehan: Tramways, Coconuts and Phosphate: A History of the Tramways of Ocean Island and Nauru. Light Railway Research Society of Australia Inc.

Notes

 وصلات خارجية

• Banaba a semi-official resource on Banaba, covering history of Banabans and Banaba island, as well as recent news
• Banaba (Ocean) Island during WW2 Great history here
• Jane Resture has an informative Banaba site
• High resolution satellite image on Google Maps
• Alternative free satellite image