الميليشيات الأمريكية

الميليشيات في الولايات المتحدة لها دور معقد ويتغير مع الزمن.[1] فالتعبير ميليشيا militia يمكن استخدامه لوصف عدد من المجموعات في الولايات المتحدة. أنواع الميليشيات داخل الولايات المتحدة:

US CODE

TITLE 10 > Subtitle A > PART I > CHAPTER 13 > § 311 § 311. Militia: composition and classes

(a) The militia of the United States consists of all able-bodied males at least 17 years of age and, except as provided in section 313 of title 32, under 45 years of age who are, or who have made a declaration of intention to become, citizens of the United States and of female citizens of the United States who are members of the National Guard.

(b) The official classes of the militia are—

(1) the organized militia, which consists of the National Guard and the Naval Militia; and

(2) the unorganized militia, which consists of the members of the militia who are not members of the National Guard or the Naval Militia.


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التاريخ

عصر المستعمرات، قبل 1774

Braddock's defeat, 1755


See New Hampshire Provincial Regiment for a history of a Provincial unit during the French and Indian War.

الحرب الثورية (1775-1783)

The Battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775. Blue coated militiamen in the foreground flee running from the volley of gunshots from the red coated British Army line in the background with dead and wounded militiamen on the ground.


الدستور ووثيقة الحقوق (1787-1789)

القرن التاسع عشر

قبل الحرب الأهلية

1826 North Carolina militia roster.
(TEXT)"A List of that Part of the Militia Commanded by Elisha Burk an went after the Runaway Negroes"
(Roster list of 58 militia men, standard wage of 46½¢ per day.)
"The within is a True Return of that part of the Militia Commanded by Elisha Burk Which out after the Runaway Negros: Given under my hand this 15th day of August 1826" (signed) Elisha Burk Captain.

The Mormon militia, in 1857 and 1858, fought against US federal troops in the Utah War over control of government territory.

الحرب الأهلية

ميليشيات الشمال

New York State militia, Civil War
Company "E", 22nd N.Y. State Militia, near Harpers Ferry,


ميليشيات الجنوب

Confederate troops dragging guns up Kennesaw Mountain, in defense of Atlanta, Georgia.

Georgia Militia...



الحرب الاسبانية الأمريكية

Failure of the militia to meet expectations in the Spanish American War.[2]

الثورة المكسيكية

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القرن العشرون والحاضر

مذبحة لدلو

الميليشيا في لدلو، 1914

في 1914 في لدلو، كولورادو، تم استدعاء الميليشيات لتهدئة الوضع أثناء اضراب منجم فحم، إلا أن عواطف قادة الميليشيا كانت في صف أصحاب الشركة مما نتج عنه مقتل 17 شخصاً.

قائمة الميليشيات في الولايات المتحدة

قوات الميليشيا الفدرالية للولايات المتحدة

ميليشيات الولايات الأمريكية

الميليشيات الخاصة

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

التاريخية

الأكاديمية

  • Samuel J. Newland The Pennsylvania militia: Defending the Commonwealth and the nation, 1669-1870 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Dept. of Military and Veterans Affairs (2002)
  • Fischer, David Hackett (2004), Washington's Crossing, New York: Oxford University Press, 564 pages, Awarded the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for History
  • Singletary, Otis, Negro militia and Reconstruction, Austin: University of Texas Press. (1957) ISBN 0-313-24573-8

المنتقدة للميليشيات الخاصة الحالية

  • Gibson, James William. 1994. Warrior Dreams: Paramilitary Culture in Post-Viet Nam America. New York: Hill and Wang.
  • Gibson, James William. 1997. "Is the Apocalypse Coming? Paramilitary Culture after the Cold War." In The Year 2000: Essays on the End, ed. Charles B. Strozier and Michael Flynn. New York: New York University Press.
  • Lamy, Philip. 1996. Millennium Rage: Survivalists, White Supremacists, and the Doomsday Prophecy. New York: Plenum.
  • Levitas, Daniel. 2002. The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right. New York: St. Martin's.
  • Mulloy, D. J. (2008). "'Liberty or Death': Violence and the Rhetoric of Revolution in the American Militia Movement". Canadian Review of American Studies. 38 (1): 119–145. doi:10.3138/cras.38.1.119. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  • Stern, Kenneth S. 1996. A Force Upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate. New York: Simon & Schuster.

المنتقد للحكومة (الأعمال المؤثرة في أيديولوجية الميليشيات الخاصة)

  • Larry Pratt Safeguarding Liberty: The Constitution and Citizens Militias Legacy Communications (May, 1995)
  • Gary Allen, Larry Abraham, Senator John G. Schmitz, 1976 None Dare Call it Conspiracy Concord Press
  • John A. Stormer 1968 The Death of a Nation Liberty Bell Press
  • John A Stormer 1964 None Dare Call it Treason Liberty Bell Press
  • G. Edward Griffith July 1964The Fearful Master: A second look at the United Nations Western Islands Publishing
  • David M. Kirkham 1993 The New World Order: In Historical Perspective Wyoming: High Plains Publishing Company
  • Jim Keith 1994 Black Helicopters Over America: Strike Force for the New World Order. Illuminet Press
  • Mack Tanner Armed-Citizen Solution to Crime in the Streets: So Many Criminals, So Few Bullets. ISBN 0-87364-806-4


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وثائق

وصلات خارجية

الهامش

  1. ^ Spitzer, Robert J.: The Politics of Gun Control, Page 36. Chatham House Publishers, Inc., 1995. "
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ MICHIGANMILITIA.COM We are Homeland Defense
  4. ^ Haviv Rettig, IDF vets train NY Jewish paramilitaries, Jerusalem Post, July 25, 2008.
  5. ^ Kitat Konenut New York MySpace page
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