المعرفة:كيف تصنع سياسة

حسب ما فهمته تصنع السياسة في النسخة الإنجليزية و نقوم باستيرادها.

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 أركان و معايير سياسة ناجحة

ينص الفصل الخامس من الدستور على محاولة جعل صياغة السياسة ذات بعد مفاهيمي موحد، لا تقبل التأويلات المختلفة. و من جهة أخرى و حسب نفس الفصل الصرامة لا يجب أن تكون عائقا.

أما الفصل الثاني فيهتم بدراسة شمولية المعلومات من حيث ذكر الإيجابيات مع السلبيات، الرأي و الرأي المضاد مع وجوب أو استحسان تقبل الرأي الآخر.

 كرونولوجيا صناعة السياسة

1. يحدث تطور مقلق لمجموعة من الويكيبيدين.
2. يحدث صراع داخلي بين مجموعتين.
3. يتقدم أحدهم بتقديم أو طرح الأشكالية.
4. يفتح باب النقاش.
5. تقدم مجموعة من التصاويت.
6. تقر بها المجموعة.
7. يتم العمل بها لفترة.
8. يتم رفضها و مخالفتها بعد ذلك.
9. يحدث تطور مقلق لمجموعة من الويكيبيدين.

Thinking of creating a Wikipedia policy? Or amending an existing one? The purpose of this page is to help you create a policy that will work in practice. The same process applies to creating guidelines, which are generally less strict or official than policies. Neither policy nor guidelines are created by voting upon them, they are created by forming consensus through discussion.

 How to propose a new policy

See also: How are policies decided?

To propose modifications of existing policy, use the talk page of that policy.

1. First, check existing policy to see if any relevant policies already exist.
2. Create a new page with a rough draft of your proposal. Try to include:
   • A statement at the top explaining what you're proposing
   • A brief summary of your proposal. Make sure it's actionable.
   • An explanation of the reasoning behind the proposal.
   • Add the {{proposed}} tag to the top of the article. This will add a notice and add your proposal to Category:Wikipedia proposals
3. Get feedback!
   • Link any existing discussions related to the proposal to your proposal page.
   • Post a link to your proposal on Wikipedia:Village pump (policy) and Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Policies.
4. Work towards establishing consensus.
5. If a policy or guideline discussion is still problematic or inconclusive after discussion, it can be re-listed at Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Policies to invite further review and discussion.

 Guidelines for creating policies and guidelines

The following general principles were gathered together following the implementation of several policies across the encyclopedia. As you will see from the guidelines themselves, these points are guidelines, not rules. You know best what will work in your case.

1. Choose policies that have sprung up organically, not imposed from the top down. Contributors "in the trenches" can tell when recurring themes and ideas appear across several articles. Look for conventions that are introduced by one user, but are then copied and adopted by other users. These "de facto" policies often prove very workable. Indeed they are already in practice, so making them "official" is more of a formality than a new policy.
2. Leave room for flexibility (or: Avoid instruction creep). Although a uniformity of style is itself a good thing, it sometimes forces contributors into a straitjacket that they won't like. For example the very flexibility of our policy on allowing all styles of English spelling rather than just the dominant one, has caused it to be a very stable, implementable policy. Although new users often ask if and what the policy is, they tend to accept it pretty quickly once they've been shown the relevant policy page. The same is not true of inflexible policies, which generate the same arguments over and over again.
3. Don't be prescriptive. Devolve responsibility. Although it is tempting to try to cover every possible angle that might arise, it is not always possible. Doing so can lead to long complex policies, with loopholes. Very precise rules are things that badly-intentioned users sometimes love. A policy that says "Doing X n times in a day is grounds for a banning" is often unhelpful - trollish users can and will then deliberately do X (n-1) times in a day. Better to write "Doing X is considered bad. If a user continues to do X after being warned that it is inappropriate, users may decide to {report to arb. committee/implement a temp ban/protect page/revert}". The number of "good" users overwhelms the bad - trust the users to sort things in specific cases, the policy just provides the framework. People are smarter than the words on the page will ever be. This is similar to having a judge to implement and interpret laws.
4. Avoid kneejerk reactions. Suppose one user does something annoying once. It is then often common practice to add to the boilerplate at the top of the relevant policy page, prohibiting what that user did. This in the past has led to ever-lengthening boilerplates that often consider minutiae irrevelant to the broad thrust of the policy. Consider whether it was a one-off, and thus whether it is better to keep that detail on relevant talk pages.
5. Flexibility again. Most articles are only monitored by a few people. Debates are generally manageable, and consensus (often unanimous) can be reached. On very popular policy pages, this is not the case. Lots of people monitor these pages. If you cast a change in "either/or" terms you will often get opinion divided down the middle. Thus, if your policy change has to come to some sort of vote (ample discussion always comes first, because polls are evil), use a form of approval voting rather than first past the post voting. Layout all the options, and for each option allow the user to say if the proposed solution is acceptable or unacceptable. If you only have two options to list, examine whether all the middle ground possibilities have been included.
6. Check existing policies. Consult Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines. Keep in mind Wikipedia:What wikipedia is not. Also check meta, wardwiki, and meatball for inspiration; these wikis are still being maintained.
7. Consult widely - make a special effort to engage potential critics of the new guideline, engage them and get them to help find the middle ground early. (If all else fails, you can use the Bold revert discuss cycle to find these critics)
8. Do not rush - you will get there faster if you give the process the time it needs. People may oppose an idea simply because they feel it has not had adequate discussion, and especially if they feel a policy is being pushed through to circumvent discussion. On the other hand, some amount of friction can always be expected these days. Don't slow down TOO much!
9. Do not call a vote. Votes are rarely appropriate for policy debates, and almost never for guidelines. A vote can never create consensus, instead it may or may not indicate existing consensus.

 Role of examples

Policies as well as guidelines can benefit from examples:

Guidelines usually contain more examples than Policies

Most Guidelines document the implementation of the general principles of Policies in concrete circumstances: for that reason Guidelines quite naturally contain more examples than Policy pages. Examples can change (for instance, an article that used to be a good illustration to some guidance, can be turned into a disambiguation page, or the particular example might be moved to a subpage, etc.): while Policies require more consensus to change (they generally have more resistance to swift change), it should especially be taken care of that the examples on Policy pages require stability over a long period of time. For example, the WP:V policy page used to contain names of publications as examples of unreliable sources. These examples were however moved to a guideline: branding publications as "unreliable" as a policy-level appreciation is far too absolute to be workable.

Role of examples during the creation process of policies and guidelines

During the creation process of policies and guidelines examples play an important role: these examples can as well be positive (the policy/guideline attempting to describe how in the past particular issues were successfully handled), as negative (the policy/guideline attempting to describe how a particular problem can be resolved in the future). As an example of the latter, the Seigenthaler controversy was instrumental for the development of Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons. Another example of how examples keep the development of a guideline checked: Wikipedia:Notability (books)#Examples and precedents: new guideline descriptions are cross-referenced to prior AfD cases to check whether the new guideline doesn't deviate from Wikipedians' prior assessments, and/or whether the new guidance would in the future be able to resolve problematic situations without recourse to voting.

Choose clear-cut examples

A well-chosen example can often make things clear and understandable far better than long-winded detailed descriptions can. For that reason the selection of the most appropriate examples for guideline and policy pages should not be trivialised: for instance, don't choose examples for which Wikipedians are strongly divided what is the best solution for that example (unless, as a "clear example" illustrating why a guideline chooses a "we agree to disagree" approach). Note, for example, the examples used in Wikipedia:Words to avoid#Terrorist, terrorism: although the area discussed in that guideline section is highly contentious, the examples are always clear: this helps Wikipedians when writing articles about these delicate topics to assess what phrasing would be acceptable, and how to avoid to go over the top.

Also, use examples relevant to the namespace you're writing the guidance for. If you're creating guidance specifically for article namespace, it wouldn't be a good idea to use examples from how issues were tackled in user talk namespace, etc.

Sometimes images can help to create a clear example, see Wikipedia:Naming conventions (books)#Subtitles.

 Policy discussions

The central place to discuss policies is Village pump (policy). Policy issues also may be formulated and debated on talk pages, at Meta, on IRC, and on our mailing lists. The Community Portal offers a Community bulletin board to post Wikipedia related news and announcements, including the locations of policy proposals and discussions.

 Difficulty of policy adoption

Wikipedians who wish to create or amend policy should proceed with due regard for the difficulty of the process. Some of the most widely known policy adoptions are:

1. Proposed deletion - c. January 2006
2. Wikipedia:Semi-protection policy - December 2005
3. Wikipedia:Naming conventions (categories) - September 2005
4. Expanding criteria for speedy deletion - July 2005
5. Enforcement of the three-revert rule (3RR) - November 2004
6. Creation of the arbitration committee and adoption of its initial rules - January 2004
7. Widening of the speedy deletion criteria - January 2004
8. Creation of the process for gaining adminship by community approval - April 2003

Numbers 2 and 4-8 of these had sponsorship or support of Jimbo Wales.

During this time period, at least 80 proposed policies and proposed policy changes have been rejected.