المحادثات السداسية

المحادثات السداسية
Six-party talks
كوريا الشمالية
هانگول륙자 회담
هانجا六者會談
الرومنة المعدلةRyukja hoedam
مكيون-رايشاورRyukcha hoedam
الاسم الكوري الجنوبي
هانگول육자 회담
هانجا六者會談
الرومنة المعدلةYukja hoedam
مكيون-رايشاورYukcha hoedam
الاسم بصينية المندرين
الصينية التقليدية六方會談
الصينية المبسطة六方会谈
هان‌يو پن‌ينLiùfāng Huìtán
Listen (المساعدة·معلومات)
الاسم الياباني
كانجي六者会合
كاناろくしゃかいごう
روماجيRokusha Kaigō
الاسم الروسي
السيريليةШестисторонние переговоры
الرومنةShestistoronniye peregovory

المحادثات السداسية هي محادثات هدفها الأساسية هو بحث حل سلمي فيما يخص البرنامج النووي لكوريا الشمالية.

وقد عقدت مقابلات جادة فيما بين ست دول مشاركة: الصين, جمهورية كوريا (كوريا الجنوبية)، جمهورية كوريا الشعبية الديموقراطية (كوريا الشمالية), الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، روسيا، واليابان. وقد جاءت هذه المحادثات كنتيجة لإنسحاب كوريا الشمالية من التوقيع على معاهدة نزع الأسلحة النووية في 2003.

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مضمون المحادثات الثلاثية

الخط الزمني

الجلسة الأولى (27 أغسطس– 29 أغسطس 2003)

A figure of a table of the six party talks

الإنجازات

  • يقوم الرئيس بإعداد ملخص بالمحادثات والموافقة على عمل جولة صيفية للمحادثات..
  • لم تحرز أي إتفاقيات بين الدول المشاركة.

الجولة الثانية (25 فبراير– 28 فباير 2004)

الممثلون:
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Lee Soo-hyuk, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Gye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: جيمس كيلي, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wang Yi, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Yabunaka Mitoji, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

الإنجازات

  • A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including:
    • Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula
    • Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises.
  • Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004.

الجولة الثالثة (23 يونيو– 26 يونيو 2004)

الممثلون:
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Lee Soo-hyuk, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Gye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: جيمس كيلي, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wang Yi, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Yabunaka Mitoji, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Alexeyev, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including:
    • Reconfirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification
  • Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005

الجولة الرابعة

اول جولة (26 يوليو– 7 اغسطس 2005)

الممثلون:
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Song Min-soon, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Gye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Alexeyev, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy
  • Three-week recess of talks due to ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) meeting


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الجولة الثانية (13 سبمتبر – 19 سبتمبر 2005)

الممثلون:
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Song Min-soon, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Gye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Alexeyev, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • Agreement on a Joint Statement[1] of six articles, including:
    • Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula
    • Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration
    • North Korea to agree to abandon all nuclear weapons and nuclear programs and return to the NPT as soon as possible
    • However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy.
    • The issue of the light water reactors will be discussed "at an appropriate time"[2]
    • U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula
    • U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect
    • U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together.
    • Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes.
    • The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment.
    • South Korea will channel two million kiloWatts of power to North Korea in return.
    • The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately.
    • 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'.
  • Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005.

الجولة الخامسة

الجولة الأولى (9 نوفمبر– 11 نوفمبر 2005)

الممثلون:
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Song Min-soon, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Gye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Alexeyev, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for:
    • Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle.
  • No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time.


الطور الثاني (18 – 22 ديسمبر 2006)

لي ژاوشينگ يستضيف المحادثات السداسية مع كوريا الشمالية، 20 ديسمبر 2006.
  • الممثلون:

Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Chun Yung-woo, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة[3][4]
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs [5] [6]
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs [6]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs [6]
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau [5]
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Sergei Razov, Russian Ambassador to China [7]

الإنجازات

  • Chairman's Statement issued
    • All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner.
    • All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met.
  • Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations.
  • Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007. [8]
  • The 5th round only went into "recess" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007 that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21-22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing. [9]


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3rd phase (8 Feb – 13 Feb 2007)

  • الممثلون:

Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Chun Yung-woo, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs

الإنجازات

  • Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February, 2007, 3pm
    • North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications
    • In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days.
    • All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.
    • All six parties agree on establishing five working groups - on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism.
    • The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas.
    • All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days
  • Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation.
  • Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia.
    • The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase. [10]

Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks

  • China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February, 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be "suspended, shut down and sealed" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish "four to six" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was "prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps" but was "neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved"[11][12][13][14]
  • China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February, 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting. [15]
  • China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was "unreasonable" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February, 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued. [15]
  • On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a "final text" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by John Bolton, former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent "exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world".[16]
  • The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007 was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day. [17]

6th round

1st phase (19 Mar – 22 Mar 2007)

  • الممثلون:

Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Chun Yung-woo, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Kye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Losyukov, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the $25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula. [18] However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a "Chinese matter". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said "there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. "The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will,", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day. [19]
  • The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle.
  • The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the $25 million in their hands.
  • A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though. [20]

Resumption of 1st phase (18 Jul – 20 Jul 2007)

  • الممثلون:

Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Chun Yung-woo, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Kye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Vladimir Rakhmanin, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007 [21]
    • The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the Six-Party Talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other.
    • The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of "action for action".
    • North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs.
    • Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus.
    • Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia.
  • A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met. [22]
  • North Korea warned of a "crisis" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue. [23]

2nd phase (27 Sep – 30 Sep 2007)

  • الممثلون:

Flag of North Korea.svg كوريا الشمالية: Kim Kye-gwan, نائب وزير الخارجية
 الولايات المتحدة: Christopher Hill, مساعد وزير الخارجية لشئون شرق آسيا والمحيط الهادي
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg الصين: Wu Dawei, نائب وزير الخارجية
Flag of Japan (bordered).svg اليابان: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau
Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg كوريا الجنوبية : Chun Yung-woo, نائب وزير الخارجية والتجارة
Flag of Russia.svg روسيا: Alexander Losyukov, نائب وزير الخارجية

الإنجازات

  • Reports from working groups heard and endorsed.
  • Implementation of initial actions of February 13 2007 Agreement confirmed
  • List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2nd October 2007.[24]
    • DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13th Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility.
    • The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007.
    • The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a state sponsor of terrorism, and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations.
    • The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration.
    • In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of HFO (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.
    • The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time.
  • A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.[25] However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks.
  • Yonhap News Agency, citing unnamed officials, claimed that with the new ROK government led by Lee Myung-bak since the end of 2007, the six-party talks' top negotiators will be replaced. AM Kim Sook is to replace Chun Yung-woo as the top negotiator, and Hwang Joon-kook is to replace Lim Sung-nam as the deputy.[26]

انظر أيضا

مصادر وملاحظات

  1. ^ Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005
  2. ^ North Korea - U.S. Statement
  3. ^ People's Daily Online - ROK new chief negotiator for six-party talks visits China
  4. ^ Xinhua - English
  5. ^ أ ب Xinhua - English
  6. ^ أ ب ت People's Daily Online - China, DPRK, U.S. chief delegates to six-party talks meet in Beijing
  7. ^ Russia changes lead negotiator in six-party talks - washingtonpost.com
  8. ^ Xinhua - English
  9. ^ 6-party talks could start as early as this month: sources : International : Home
  10. ^ Xinhua - English
  11. ^ ABC News: ABC News
  12. ^ Beijing proposal opens up N-talks | The Australian
  13. ^ http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/02/09/ap3412537.html
  14. ^ Xinhua - English
  15. ^ أ ب خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة autogenerated5
  16. ^ "'Deal reached' at N Korea talks". BBC News. BBC. 2007-02-13. Retrieved 2007-02-13. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Nuclear talks appear to secure breakthrough
  18. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة autogenerated1
  19. ^ Bloomberg.com: Japan
  20. ^ Images of North Korean reactor hint at progress of talks - International Herald Tribune
  21. ^ Full text of press communique released at new round of six-nation : International : Home
  22. ^ North Korea talks end but wrangling to continue
  23. ^ Bloomberg.com: Japan
  24. ^ MOFA: Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement (Six-Party Talks on North Korean Issues)
  25. ^ Itar-Tass
  26. ^ RTTNews - Political News and Chatter, World Political News, Forex News, Earnings Revisions

وصلات خارجية

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