اللغة السيدتية
| اللغة السيدتية - Sidetic | |
|---|---|
| منقرضة | Third century BCE |
| الكتابة السيدتية | |
| أكواد اللغات | |
| ISO 639-3 | xsd |
اللغة السيدتية Sidetic language (نسبة إلى مدينة سيدة Side): ممثلة بعدد قليل جداً من النقوش من منطقة بمفيلية Pamphylia العائدة إلى القرن الثالث ق.م.
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الدليل
النقوش والعملات
Coins from Side were first discovered in the 19th century, which bore legends in a then-unknown script. In 1914, an altar came to light in Side with a Greek inscription and a Sidetic one, but the latter could not be deciphered. It was only after the discovery of a second Greek-Sidetic bilingual inscription in 1949, that Hellmut Theodor Bossert was able to identify 14 letters of the Sidetic script using the two bilinguals.[1] In 1964 a large stone block was unearthed near the east gate of Side, with two longer Sidetic texts, including loan words from Greek (istratag from στρατηγός, 'commander' and anathema- from ἀνάθημα, 'votive offering'). In 1972, a text was found outside Side for the first time, at the neighbouring town of Lyrbe-Seleukia. Currently, eleven Sidetic coins and several coins with Sidetic legends are known.
الإشارات إليها
In addition to the inscriptions, two Sidetic words are known from ancient Greek texts: ζειγάρη for cicada,[2] mentioned by the ancient lexicographer Hesychius, and λαέρκινον for Valeriana, cited by Galen. In addition, it is believed that some incomprehensible characters in the third book of Hippocrates' Epidemics were originally quotations of the doctor Mnemon of Side, which might have been in the Sidetic script.[3]
كتالوگ النصوص السيدتية
The designated number and date of discovery are given:
- S1 = S I.1.1 Artemon bilingual from Side (1914).
- S2 = S I.1.2 Apollonios bilingual from Side (1949).
- S3 & S4 = S I.2.1-2 Strategos dedications from Side (1964).
- S5 = S II.1.1 Palimpsest bronze altar table or voting tablet (1969).
- S6 = S I.1.3 Euempolos bilingual from Lyrbe-Seleukia (1972).
- S7 = S I.2.3 Inscription on fragment of the rim of a pot (1982).
- S8 = S I.2.4 Inscription on stone Heraldes relief (1982).
- S9 = S I.2.5 A list of names,[4] also interpreted as the "Athenodoros memorial"[5] - at six complete lines (and traces of two more lines), this is the longest Sidetic inscription (1995).
- S10 = S III 5th century BC coins with around twenty different legends (since 19th century).
- S11 Words possibly from Mnemon,[6] a physician of Side (1983), who added notes in Sidetic to a Greek Hippocrates manuscript.[7]
- S12 = S II.2.1 A steatite scarab, of uncertain provenance ("acquired in Turkey"); on its underside three (?) hardly identifiable signs have been carved, possibly Sidetic (2005).[8]
- S13 = S I.2.6 Graffito from Lyrbe-Seleukia (2014).
In addition a few Sidetic words have been handed down via classical authors, though not written in Sidetic script: "laerkinon" (λαέρκινον, = the herb valerian), "zeigarê" (ζειγάρη, a cricket, cicada).[9]
السمات السيدتية
الكتابة السيدتية
Texts in the Sidetic language are written right to left in an alphabet of about 25 characters. Since the 2010s consensus has grown with regard to the transliteration of the characters:
| sign |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 ,  , 
|
| (variants:) | ( ?) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ?) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
( ) |
(?) |
( ) |
|||||||||||
| transliteration | a | e | i | o | u | v | j | p | τ | m | t | d | θ | z | s | n | l | š | g | χ | r | k | ñ | c | δ | (?) |
| (superseded transliterations:) | (w, j) | (w) | (ç, φ) | (ś) | (ṯ) | (b) | (ñ) | (z) | (signs attested on coins only) | |||||||||||||||||
| IPA sound | /a/, /æ/? |
/e/ | /i/ | /o/ | /u/ (/w/?) |
/w/? | /j/? | /p/ | /ts/? | /m/ | /t/ | /d/ | /tʰ/ | /z/, /s/? |
/s/ | /n/ | /l/ | /ʃ/ or /tʃ/ |
/g/ | /kʰ/ | /r/ | /k/ | /ɲ/? | /dʒ/? | /dz/? |
The meaning of two-thirds of the characters is now firmly established, but there are still severe uncertainties: for example, while the majority view is that the frequent vertical strokes ( or ) are a character denoting a sibilant (z or s), that as a genitival ending would fit in nicely with the usual paradigms of the Anatolian languages,[4] others interpret the strokes as word dividers.[5]
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اللغة السيدتية
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
وصلات خارجية
- ^ Bossert, H. T. (1950). "Scrittura e lingua di Side in Pamfilia". PDP. 13: 32–46.
- ^ Hesychius says the Greek equivalent is "τέττιξ", or cicada: Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert. "'Tettix', in: A Greek-English Lexicon". Perseus.Tufts. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
- ^ Nolle, Johannes (1983). "Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side". Epigraphica Anatolica. 2: 8.85–98.
- ^ أ ب Pérez Orozco, Santiago. "La lengua Sidética. Una actualización [The Sidetic language. An update]". Retrieved 2021-11-13. (in Spanish)
- ^ أ ب Woudhuizen, D. (2020). "On the Reading and Interpretation of the Two Longer Sidetic Inscriptions S I.2.1 and S I.2.5". Živa Antika (Antiquité Vivante). 70 (1/2): 17–34. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
- ^ Smith, William. "Mnemon (A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology)". Perseus Tufts. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ Nollé, Johannes (1983). "Die "Charaktere" im 3. Epidemienbuch des Hippokrates und Mnemon von Side". Epigraphica Anatolica. 1: 85–98.
- ^ Rizza, Alfredo (2005). "A new epigraphic Document with Sidetic(?) signs". Kadmos. 44 (1–2): 60–74. doi:10.1515/KADM.2005.010. S2CID 162036788.
- ^ Nollé (1983) p. 95.