التمساح النشط

التمساح النشط
Temporal range: Early Triassic
Thoosuchus.jpg
Life restoration of Thoosuchus yakovlevi
التصنيف العلمي e
أصنوفة غير معروفة (أصلحها): Thoosuchus
Species
  • T. acutirostris Efremov, 1940 (type)
  • T. yakovlevi (Ryabinin 1926)
  • T. tardus Getmanov, 1989
  • T. tuberculatus Getmanov, 1989

Thoosuchus (meaning "active crocodile") is an extinct genus of basal trematosauroid trematosaurian temnospondyl. Fossils have been found from Russia and date back to the Early Triassic. It is the type genus of the family Thoosuchidae, formerly called the subfamily Thoosuchinae and placed within Benthosuchidae.[1][2][3] The benthosuchids were originally composed of the majority of basal trematosaurian forms regarded as the ancestors of the trematosaurids.[4][5][6][7][8]

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Discovery and naming

Although the genus was first named in 1940, material from one species, E. yakovlevi, was originally tentatively referred to Trematosuchus in 1926.[9] Russian paleontologist Ivan Yefremov [Efremov] named it Thoosuchus "active crocodile" (from Ancient Greek θοός (thoos) "nimble, active" and σοῦχος (soukhos) "crocodile") in 1940, "in view of its obviously more active mode of life in water than the mode of life of Benthosuchus" (page 13).[1]


Description

Thoosuchus jakovlevi skull

For its family, Thoosuchus was fairly small, reaching a little over 60 cm with a 15 cm skull.[10]

Thoosuchus superficially resembles the more derived trematosaurids, but can be distinguished from them on the basis of a deep, narrowing otic notch.[11][12] It had widely spaced orbits and a moderately elongated skull roof that was well ornamented with ridges and grooves, especially on the parietals.[13] This ornamentation is also a characteristic of trematosaurids and has been described as representing a "zone of intensive growth".[14][15] The well developed lateral line system of Thoosuchus is indicative of its presumed aquatic lifestyle.

Phylogeny

Thoosuchus in a cladogram after Novikov (2018) with only Early Triassic Eastern Europe taxa included:[16]

Temnospondyli

Luzocephalus 



Capitosauridae


Samarabatrachus




Poryolosuchus



Parotosuchus






Selenocara




Wetlugasaurus



Vladlenosaurus






 

Qantas

 
 

Trematosauridae

 

Prothoosuchus

 
 

 

Thoosuchus

 
 

 

Trematotegmen

 
 

 

Angusaurus

 
 

 

Inflectosaurus

 
 

Trematosaurus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Syrtosuchus 




Benthosuchus 



Yarengiidae

Vyborosaurus



Yarengia





 
 



See also


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References

  1. ^ أ ب Efremov, I. A. (1940). Preliminary description of the new Permian and Triassic Tetrapoda from U.S.S.R. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 10:1–140.
  2. ^ Getmanov, S.N. (1982). A labyrinthodont from the Lower Triassic of the Obshchiy Syrt Region. Paleontological Journal 1982:102-106.
  3. ^ Damiani, R. J. and Yates, A. M. (2003). The Triassic Amphibian Thoosuchus yakovlevi and the Relationships of the Trematosauroidea (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli). Records of the Australian Museum 55:331–342.
  4. ^ Hartmann-Weinberg, A. and Kuzmin, F. M. (1936). Untertriadische Stegocephalen der UdSSR Lyrocephalus acutirostris nov. sp. Problems of Paleontology 1:63–84.
  5. ^ Shishkin, M. A. (1964). Stereospondyli. In: Orlpv, I. A., ed. Fundamentals of Palaeontology: amphibians, reptiles and birds Moscow: Nauka. pp. 83–122.
  6. ^ Shishkin, M. A. (1980). The Luzocephalidae, a new Triassic labyrinthodont family. Paleontological Journal 1980:88–101.
  7. ^ Getmanov, S. N. (1989). Triassic amphibians of the East European platform (family Benthosuchidae Efremov). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 236:1–102.
  8. ^ Shishkin, M. A. and Welman, J. (1994). A new find of Trematosuchus (Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Cynognathus Zone of South Africa. Palaeontologia africana 31:39–49.
  9. ^ Riabinin, A. N. (1926). Trematosuchus (?) yakovlevi nov. sp. from the Lower Triassic deposits in the surroundings of Rybinsk. Izvestiya Geologicheskago Komiteta 45:519–527.
  10. ^ http://www.angellis.net/Web/PDfiles/amphs.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  11. ^ Yates, A. M. and Warren, A. A. (2000). The phylogeny of the 'higher' temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128:77-121.
  12. ^ Damiani, RJ (2001). A systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of Triassic mastodonsauroids (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 133:379-482.
  13. ^ Shishkin, M. A., Novikov, I. V. and Gubin, Y. M. (2000). Permian and Triassic temnospondyls from Russia. In: Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unwin, D. M. and Kurochkin, E. N. (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge University Press, pp. 35-59.
  14. ^ Säve-Söderbergh, G. (1937). On the dermal skulls of Lyrocephalus, Aphaneramma, and Benthosaurus, labyrinthodonts from the Triassic of Spitsbergen and N. Russia. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Uppsala 27:189–208.
  15. ^ Bystrow, A. P. (1935). Morphologische Untersuchungen der Deckknochen des Schädels der Wirbeltiere. Acta Zoologica 16:65–141.
  16. ^ Novikov A.V. (2018). Early Triassic amphibians of Eastern Europe: evolution of dominant groups and peculiarities of changing communities (PDF) (in الروسية). Moscow: RAS. p. 138. ISBN 978-5-906906-71-7. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved February 8, 2024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

External links

قالب:Trematosauria

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