الانقلاب العسكري البنجلادشي 2024

الانقلاب العسكري البنگلادشي 2024
التاريخ 5 أغسطس 2024 الموقع بنگلادش النتيجة الجيش البنگلادشي يسيطر على الحكومة
المتحاربون
الحكومة البنگلادشية	الجيش البنگلادشي بدعم من: الحركة الطلابية المناهضة للتمييز
القادة والزعماء
الشيخة حصينة	واكر الزمان
القوى
	Unknown

الانقلاب العسكري البنگلادشي 2024، هو انقلاب عسكري وقع في 5 أغسطس 2024. واجهت بنگلادش اضطرابات واسعة النطاق مع استقالة رئيسة الوزراء الشيخة حصينة وسط احتجاجات حاشدة. تصاعدت الاضطرابات، التي بدأت بسبب نظام حصص مثير للجدل يحجز الوظائف الحكومية لأحفاد المقاتلين من أجل الحرية، في أعقاب تصريحات حصينة التي اعتبرت تحريضية. أسفرت الاشتباكات العنيفة عن مقتل أكثر من 300 شخص. تولى الجيش البنگلادشي، بقيادة الجنرال واقر الزمان، السيطرة وأعلن تشكيل حكومة مؤقتة، وحث المحتجين على وقف العنف. فرت حصينة برفقة شقيقتها من دكا وهبطت في قاعدة هندان الجوية في غازي آباد، الهند.

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 خلفية

المقالة الرئيسية: حركة إصلاح الحصص في بنگلادش 2024

In 2024, Bangladesh experienced significant political upheaval following violent protests demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The unrest began as a protest against a quota system reserving 30% of government jobs for descendants of Muktijoddhas (freedom fighters), which many claimed favored the ruling Awami League. Tensions escalated after Sheikh Hasina's remarks defending the system and suggesting that the alternative beneficiaries would be descendants of Razakars, who were collaborators with the Pakistani military during the 1971 liberation war.

 الأحداث

On 5 August 2024, Sheikh Hasina resigned from her position as Prime minister of Bangladesh and fled the country after mass protests that began in July 2024 against job quotas led by university students. It later escalated into a deadly unrest and led to her downfall. As per local reports, the Bangladesh Army gave a 45-minute ultimatum to Hasina to step down.

Around 3:00 p.m. BST, protesters stormed into the presidential residence unopposed, and looted furniture, TVs, chairs, etc. Protesters also took away Hasina's luxury items. A protester climbed on the statue of Hasina's father, and state founder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, attempting to chisel away the head of the statue with an axe.

 التبعات

After the resignation, Hasina vacated her residence in Dhaka and fled the country to an undisclosed location in India. At around 6:30 PM IST, Hasina was received by India's National Security Adviser Ajit Doval at the Hindan Air Force Airfield in Ghaziabad. She travelled in a Bangladesh Air Force C-130 military transport. According to Flightradar24, her aircraft AJAX1413 became the "World's most tracked plane" with over 29,000 people tracking at the same time. Hasina will remain in India until she receives political asylum in a third country.

Following the resignation and departure of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina from Bangladesh, there has been a significant rise in attacks targeting the Hindu community. Numerous Hindu properties and shrines have been vandalized and destroyed. This spike in violence highlights the ongoing religious tensions and the vulnerability of minority communities in the region. Local reports indicate a breakdown in law and order, with Hindu residents facing increased threats and violence.

Following the resignation of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, widespread violence erupted across Bangladesh, particularly targeting the Hindu minority. Mobs attacked Hindu houses, businesses, and temples in at least 27 districts. An ISKCON temple was set on fire, and two Hindu councilors were killed. While some Muslim clerics and students protected Hindu sites, the violence reflects deep-seated tensions. The Hindu population in Bangladesh, now 8%, has significantly declined due to ongoing persecution. Indian officials expressed concern over the situation and potential refugee influx.

In light of ongoing protests and rising tensions in Bangladesh, there is speculation about a potential influx of Bangladeshi Hindus into India. Experts are considering whether India should prepare for the possibility of welcoming up to one crore (10 million) Bangladeshi Hindus. The situation in Bangladesh, marked by unrest and violence, has led to concerns about large-scale migration and its implications for India.

At 3:30 PM IST, Army General Waker-uz-Zaman announced that he took full responsibility to bring the situation under control and assured that the army would meet all the demands of the protestors. He mentioned that the army will create an interim government soon. He urged the protesters to stop the unrest as reports of vandalism emerged.

Army chief held meetings with the representatives of various political parties including Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Jamaat-e-Islami, and Jatiya Party. Zaman will meet the President Mohammed Shahabuddin to discuss the way ahead.

 ردود الفعل

 الدولية

• الاتحاد الأوروپي: Foreign policy chief of EU, Josep Borrell called for "calm and restraint" stating orderly and peaceful transition towards a democratically elected government is vital. He added that human rights and democratic principles must be respected.

• الهند: MEA, India stated Government of India is closely monitoring the developments in Bangladesh, and assured continuous support to its nationals. MEA urged Indian citizens to exercise extreme caution in Bangladesh, and stay in close contact with the High Commission of India in Dhaka. India put its Border Security Forces on high alert on its 4,096 km common border with Bangladesh. India also cancelled trains and flights to Dhaka..
• المملكة المتحدة: The Foreign Secretary of the UK, David Lammy called for the UN to do a complete and independent investigation into the events of the past few weeks happened in Bangladesh
• الأمم المتحدة: The UN Secretary-General António Guterres urged for a “peaceful, orderly and democratic transition”. His spokesperson Farhan Haq called for an independent, impartial and transparent investigation into all the events of violence.
• الولايات المتحدة: The White House called for a democratic interim government formation and urged all parties to stop further violence and restore peace swiftly.