أمبروز بيرس
أمبروز گوينت بيرس Ambrose Bierce (24 يونيو 1842[2] – ح. 1914[3]) هو كاتب قصة قصيرة، صحفي، شاعر أمريكي وأحد قدامى المحاربين في الحرب الأهلية.
كان كتابه، قاموس الشيطان، ضمن "أعظم 100 رائعة من روائعة العمل الأمريكي" حسب ادارة الذكرى المئوية الثانية للثورة الأمريكية.[4] أما قصته "حادثة على كسر أول كريك" فقد وصفت على أنها "واحدة من أكثر القصص شهرة ونشراً بشكل متكرر في الأدب الأمريكي"؛[5] وكتابه "روايات الجنود والمدنيين (نُشرت أيضاً باسم "في منتصف العمر") أدرجها گولير كلوب واحدة من الكتب الأمريكية المائة الأكثر تأثيراً قبل عام 1900.[6]
كان بيرس كاتباً غزيراً ومتنوعاً، واعتبر واحداً من أكثر الصحفيين تأثيراً في الولايات المتحدة،[7][8] وكاتباً رائداً في الأدب الواقعي.[9] من أجل كتاباته في أدب الرعب، وضعه مايكل ديرا بجانب إدگار آلن پو وهاورد فلپس لڤكرافت.[10] تأثر بقصصه الحربية ستيفن كران، إرنست همنگواي، وآخرين،[11] واعتبر ناقداً أدبياً مؤثراً وقوياً.[12] في العقود الأخيرة حاز بيرس على احترام أوسع عن حكاياته الرمزية وقصائده.[13][14]
في ديسمبر 1913، سافر بيرس إلى چيواوا، المكسيك، ليحصل على تجربة مباشرة في الثورة المكسيكية.[15] اختفى، وأشيع أنه كان يسافر مع قوات المتمردين. ولم يرى مجدداً.
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السنوات المبكرة
الحياة العسكرية
حياته الشخصية
الصحافة
مشروع تمويل خط السكة الحديد
اتهام مكنلي
أعماله الأدبية
اختفاؤه
مأثورات
ذكراه وتأثيره
أعماله
مجلدات منشورة
في حياته
- The Fiend’s Delight (as by "Dod Grile"). (London: John Camden Hotten, 1873). Stories, satire, journalism, poetry.
- Nuggets and Dust Panned Out in California (as by "Dod Grile"). (London: Chatto & Windus, 1873). Stories, satire, epigrams, journalism.
- Cobwebs from an Empty Skull (as by "Dod Grile"). (London and New York: George Routledge & Sons, 1874). Fables, stories, journalism.
- (with Thomas A. Harcourt) The Dance of Death (as by "William Herman"). (San Francisco: H. Keller & Co., 1877). Satire.
- Map of the Black Hills Region, Showing the Gold Mining District and the Seat of the Indian War (San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft & Co., 1877). Nonfiction: map.
- Tales of Soldiers and Civilians (San Francisco: E. L. G. Steele, 1891; many subsequent editions, some under the title In the Midst of Life). Fiction: stories.
- (with G. A. Danziger) The Monk and the Hangman’s Daughter (Chicago: F. J. Schulte & Co., 1892). Fiction: novel (translation of Die Mönch von Berchtesgaden by Richard Voss).
- Black Beetles in Amber (San Francisco and New York: Western Authors Publishing, 1892). Poetry.
- Can Such Things Be? (New York: Cassell, 1893). Fiction: stories.
- How Blind Is He (San Francisco: F. Soulé Campbell, c. 1896). Poetry.
- Fantastic Fables (New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1899). Fiction: fables.
- Shapes of Clay (San Francisco: W. E. Wood [ George Sterling ], 1903). Poetry.
- The Cynic’s Word Book (New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1906). Satire.
- A Son of the Gods and A Horseman in the Sky (San Francisco: Paul Elder, 1907). Fiction: stories.
- Write It Right: A Little Blacklist of Literary Faults (New York and Washington, D.C.: Neale Publishing, 1909). Nonfiction: precise use of words.
- The Shadow on the Dial and Other Essays S. O. Howes, ed. (San Francisco: A. M. Robertson, 1909). Collected journalism.
- The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce (New York and Washington, D.C.: Neale Publishing, 1909-1912):
- Volume I: Ashes of the Beacon
- Volume II: In the Midst of Life: Tales of Soldiers and Civilians
- Volume III: Can Such Things Be?
- Volume IV: Shapes of Clay
- Volume V: Black Beetles in Amber
- Volume VI: The Monk and the Hangman’s Daughter; Fantastic Fables
- Volume VII: The Devil's Dictionary
- Volume VIII: Negligible Tales; On with the Dance; Epigrams
- Volume IX: Tangential Views
- Volume X: The Opinionator
- Volume XI: Antepenultimata
- Volume XII: In Motley
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بعد وفاته
- الأدب
- My Favorite Murder (New York: Curtis J. Kirch, 1916)
- A Horseman in the Sky: A Watcher by the Dead: The Man and the Snake (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1920)
- Ten Tales (London: First Edition Club, 1925)
- Fantastic Debunking Fables (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, 1926)
- An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and Other Stories (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1926)
- The Horseman in the Sky and Other Stories (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1926)
- Tales of Ghouls and Ghosts (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- Tales of Haunted Houses (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- My Favorite Murder and Other Stories (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- Ghost and Horror Stories, E. F. Bleiler, ed. (New York: Dover, 1964)
- The Complete Short Stories of Ambrose Bierce, Ernest Jerome Hopkins, ed. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970)
- The Stories and Fables of Ambrose Bierce, Edward Wagenknecht, ed. (Owings Mills, MD: Stemmer House, 1977)
- For the Ahkoond (West Warwick, RI: Necromomicon Press, 1980)
- A Horseman in the Sky (Skokie, IL: Black Cat Press, 1983)
- One of the Missing: Tales of the War Between the States (Covelo, CA: Yolla Bolly Press, 1991)
- Civil War Stories (New York: Dover, 1994)
- An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and Other Stories (London: Penguin, 1995)
- The Moonlit Road and Other Ghost and Horror Stories (Mineola, NY: Dover, 1998)
- A Deoderizer of Dead Dogs, Carl Japikse, ed. (Alpharetta, GA: Enthea Press, 1998)
- The Collected Fables of Ambrose Bierce, S. T. Joshi, ed. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000)
- The Short Fiction of Ambrose Bierce: A Comprehensive Edition (3 vols.), S. T. Joshi, Lawrence I. Berkove, and David E. Schultz, eds. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 2006)
- Ambrose Bierce: Masters of the Weird Tale, S. T. Joshi, ed. (Lakewood, CO: Centipede Press, 2013)
- Satire
- Extraordinary Opinions on Commonplace Subjects (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- A Cynic Looks at Life (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- The Sardonic Humor of Ambrose Bierce, George Barkin, ed. (New York: Dover, 1963)
- The Fall of the Republic and Other Political Satires, S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, eds. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 2000)
- الشعر
- An Invocation (San Francisco: John Henry Nash/Book Club of California, 1928)
- The Lion and the Lamb (Berkeley: Archetype Press, 1939)
- A Vision of Doom: Poems by Ambrose Bierce , Donald Sidney-Fryer, ed. (West Kingston, R.I.: Donald M. Grant, Publisher 1980)
- Poems of Ambrose Bierce, M. E. Grenander, ed. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1995)
- الصحافة
- Selections from Prattle, Carroll D. Hall, ed. (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1936)
- The Ambrose Bierce Satanic Reader, Ernest Jerome Hopkins, ed. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968)
- Skepticism and Dissent: Selected Journalism from 1898-1901, Lawrence I. Berkove, ed. (Ann Arbor: Delmas, 1980)
- السير
- Iconoclastic Memories of the Civil War: Bits of Autobiography (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, c. 1927)
- Battle Sketches (London: First Editions Club, 1930)
- A Sole Survivor: Bits of Autobiography, S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, eds. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1998)
- Collections of mixed types of content
- The Collected Writings of Ambrose Bierce (New York: Citadel Press, 1946)
- Ambrose Bierce’s Civil War, William McCann, ed. (Chicago: Gateway Editions, 1956)
- The Devil’s Advocate: An Ambrose Bierce Reader, Brian St. Pierre, ed. (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1987)
- An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and Selected Works (Des Moines: Perfection Form Co., 1991)
- Shadows of Blue and Gray: The Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce, Brian M. Thomsen, ed. (New York: Forge, 2002)
- Phantoms of a Blood-Stained Period: The Complete Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce, Russell Duncan and David J. Klooster, eds. (Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2002)
- Ambrose Bierce: The Devil's Dictionary, Tales, and Memoirs, S. T. Joshi, ed. (Boone, IA: Library of America, 2011)
- رسائل
- Containing Four Ambrose Bierce Letters (New York: Charles Romm, 1921)
- The Letters of Ambrose Bierce, Bertha Clark Pope [and George Sterling, uncredited], eds. (San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1922)
- Twenty-one Letters of Ambrose Bierce, Samuel Loveman, ed. (Cleveland: George Kirk, 1922)
- A Letter and a Likeness (n.p.: Harvey Taylor, [1930?])
- Battlefields and Ghosts (Palo Alto: Harvest Press, 1931)
- Ambrose Bierce: "My Dear Rearden": a Letter. (Berkeley: Bancroft Library Press, 1997)
- A Much Misunderstood Man: Selected Letters of Ambrose Bierce, S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, eds. (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2003)
- My Dear Mac: Three Letters (Berkeley: Bancroft Library Press, 2006)
قصص قصيرة
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انظر أيضاً
- قائمة مؤلفي أدب الرعب
- قائمة أشخاص باختفاء غامض
- قائمة مؤلفي القصص الحربية
- قائمة الصحفيين الأمريكان
- قائمة مؤلفي القصة القصيرة
- List of satirists and satires
- قصة رمزية
- قاموس الشيطان
- حكايات الجنود والمدنيين
- "حادثة على جسر أويل كريك"
الهوامش
- ^ McWilliams, Carey. Ambrose Bierce: A Biography. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1967, pp. 324-325.
- ^ Floyd 1999, p. 18.
- ^ D'Ammassa, Don (2006). Encyclopedia of Fantasy and Horror Fiction. New York: Facts On File, Inc.
- ^ "Franklin Library 100 Greatest Masterpieces of American Literature 1976 – 1984", Leather Bound Treasure.
- ^ "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge: Ambrose Bierce." Short Story Criticism, v. 72, Joseph Palmisano, ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale, 2004, p. 2.
- ^ Adams, Frederick B.; Winterich, John T.; Johnson, Thomas H.; and McKay, George L. One Hundred Influential American Books Printed Before 1900: Catalogue and Addresses. New York: The Grolier Club, 1947, p. 124.
- ^ Grenander, M. E. Ambrose Bierce, Boston: Twayne, 1971, p. 10.
- ^ Mundt, Whitney R., "Ambrose Bierce" in Dictionary of Literary Biography v. 23: American Newspaper Journalists, 1873-1900, Ashley, Perry J., ed., Detroit: Gale Research, 1983, p. 25. See also Bierce, Ambrose, Skepticism and Dissent: Selected Journalism from 1898-1901, Lawrence I. Berkove, ed., Ann Arbor: Delmas, 1980; Lindley, Daniel, Ambrose Bierce Takes on the Railroad: The Journalist as Muckraker and Cynic, Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999; Ramirez, Salvador A.,A Clash of Titans: Ambrose Bierce, Collis Huntington and the 1896 Fight to Refund the Central Pacific’s Debt to the Federal Government, San Luis Rey, Calif: Tentacled Press, 2010; Drabelle, Dennis, The Great American Railroad War: How Ambrose Bierce and Frank Norris Took on the Notorious Central Pacific Railroad, New York: St. Martin’s, 2012; West, Richard Samuel, The San Francisco Wasp: An Illustrated History, Northampton, MA: Periodyssey Press, 2004, pp. 45-59, 310-311.
- ^ Grenander, M. E., "Ambrose Bierce" in Dictionary of Literary Biography v. 12: American Realists and Naturalists, Pizer, Donald and Harbert, Earl N., eds., Detroit: Gale Research, 1982, pp. 23-36.
- ^ Dirda, Michael, "Thirteen for Halloween", The American Scholar, Oct. 28, 2015.
- ^ Joshi, S. T. in Kelley, Rich, "The Library of America interviews S. T. Joshi about Ambrose Bierce," The Library of America e-Newsletter, Sept. 2011.
- ^ Grenander, M. E., "Ambrose Bierce" in Dictionary of Literary Biography v. 71: American Literary Critics and Scholars, 1880-1900, Rathbun, John W. and Grecu, Monica M., eds., Detroit: Gale Research, 1988, pp. 27-37.
- ^ Joshi, S. T., "Introduction," The Collected Fables of Ambrose Bierce, Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2000, p. xxi.
- ^ Grenander, M. E., "Introduction" to Poems of Ambrose Bierce, Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1995, p. xiii.
- ^ Bierce letter from Chihuahua to Blanche Partington dated December 26, 1913. Printed in A Much Misunderstood Man: Selected Letters of Ambrose Bierce, S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz, eds. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2003, pp. 244-246.
المصادر
- Bierce, Ambrose (2003). Joshi, ST; Shultz, David E (eds.). A Much Misunderstood Man: Selected Letters of Ambrose Bierce. Ohio State University Press.
- Bleiler, Everett (1948). The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Chicago: Shasta Publishers. pp. 32, 147.
- Cozzens, Peter. 1996. "The Tormenting Flame: What Ambrose Bierce Saw in a Fire-Swept Thicket at Shiloh Haunted Him for the rest of his Life." Civil War Times Illustrated. April 1996. Volume XXXV (1). pp. 44–54.
- De Castro, Adolphe (1929). Portrait of Ambrose Bierce (New York and London: Century).
- Eckhardt, Jason. "Across the Borderlands of Conjecture with Mr Bierce." Studies in Weird Fiction 4 (Fall 1988), 26–31.
- Fatout, Paul. Ambrose Bierce: The Devil's Lexicographer. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1951.
- Floyd, E Randall (1999). The Good, the Bad, and the Mad: Some Weird People in American History. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-6600-2.
- Grenander, M.E. Ambrose Bierce. NY: Twayne Publishers, 1971.
- McWilliams, Carey (1929; reprinted 1967). Ambrose Bierce: A Biography, Archon Books.
- Morris, Roy (1999) [1995]. Ambrose Bierce: alone in bad company. US: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512628-0.
- Nickell, Joseph ‘Joe’ (1992). Ambrose Bierce Is Missing and Other Historical Mysteries.
- O'Conner, Richard (1967). Ambrose Bierce: a Biography, with illustrations, Boston, Little, Brown and Company.
قراءات إضافية
- The Ambrose Bierce Papers, 1872–1913 (2 linear ft.) and Foster family collection of Ambrose Bierce materials (3 linear feet) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries.
- The Ambrose Bierce Papers, ca. 1894–1913 and the Collection of Ambrose Bierce Papers, 1875–1925, bulk 1890–1913 are housed at The Bancroft Library.
- Nickell, J. (1992). Ambrose Bierce is missing and other historical mysteries. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
وصلات خارجية
- أعمال من Ambrose Bierce في مشروع گوتنبرگ
- Works by or about أمبروز بيرس at Internet Archive
- Ambrose Bierce at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Works by أمبروز بيرس at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- أمبروز بيرس at the Internet Movie Database
- The Ambrose Bierce Site
- The Ambrose Bierce Project
- Ambrose Bierce at PoetryFoundation.org
- One of Bierce's last letters
- Collected journalism of Ambrose Bierce at the Archive of American Journalism
- Pages using infobox military person with embed
- مواليد 1842
- وفيات عقد 1910
- أشخاص مفقودون في عقد 1910
- كتاب قصص قصيرة أمريكان في القرن 19
- كتاب قصص قصيرة أمريكان في القرن 20
- American abolitionists
- لاأدريون أمريكان
- كتاب أعمدة أمريكان
- كتاب رعب أمريكان
- أمريكان من أصل إنگليز
- هجاؤون أمريكان
- Aphorists
- أعضاء النادي البوهيمي
- كوميديون من أوهايو
- Fabulists
- كتاب قصص الأشباح
- Hearst Corporation people
- صحفيون من أوهايو
- أشخاص مفقودون في المكسيك
- أشخاص من مقاطعة مايگز، أوهايو
- أشخاص من إنديانا في الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية
- شخصيات الثورة المكسيكية
- The San Francisco Examiner people
- رحالة
- ضباط جيش الاتحاد
- Weird fiction writers
- كتاب من أوهايو
- كتاب من سان فرانسسكو
- أشخاص مقاطعة كاوشسكو، إنديانا