أصف

أصف
	Maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana)
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:	النبات
(unranked):	كاسيات البذور
(unranked):	ثنائيات الفلقة حقيقية Eudicots
(unranked):	ورديات Rosids
Order:	كرنبيات Brassicales
Family:	القبارية Capparaceae
Genus:	Capparis; L.
Species
	العديد، طالع النص
Synonyms
	Atamisquea Miers ex Hook. & Arn.; Beautempsia Gaudich.; Breynia L.; Linnaeobreynia Hutch.; Pseudocroton Müll.Arg.; Sodada Forssk.

أصف أو كبـّار أو قبار أو شوك الحمار Caperbush أو Capparis هو جنس من النباتات المزهرة من الفصيلة القبارية Capparaceae، ويوجد في الفصيلة الصليبية Brassicaceae في نظام APG II غير المعدل. أنواع الكبار تتواجد على نطاق واسع من الموائل في المناطق تحت المدارية والمدارية. له شوك وورق أخضر ناضر وثمره لبي تؤكل براعمه مخللة أو مملحة.

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الاستخدامات

القبار caper الشهير هو برعم زهرة Capparis spinosa المخلل.

Many birds eat ripe Capparis spinosa fruit and seeds.

أنواع مختارة

Capparis acutifolia حلو
Capparis arborea (F.Muell.) Maiden - Brush Caper
Capparis baducca L.
Capparis crotonantha Standl.
Capparis cynophallophora L. - Jamaican Caper
Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. (= C. aphylla) - karir (kirir, k(h)air, karril, etc.)

رسم Capparis micracantha، يوضح أجزاءها. فرانشسكو مانويل بلانكو، Flora de Filipinas, etc (1880-1883)

Capparis discolor J.D.Smith
Capparis elegans Mart.
Capparis fascicularis DC.
- Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis
Capparis flexuosa L. - Limber Caper
Capparis frondosa Jacq.
Capparis grandis
Capparis hastata Jacq. - Broadleaf Caper
Capparis heterophylla Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.
Capparis heyneana
Capparis humistrata (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
Capparis indica (L.) Druce
Capparis incana Kunth - Hoary Caper
Capparis lasiantha R.Br. ex DC.
Capparis lucida (DC.) R.Br. ex Benth.
Capparis masaikai Levl. - Mabinlang
Capparis micracantha DC.
Capparis mirifica Standl.
Capparis mitchellii Lindl. - "wild orange" (Australia), merne atwakeye (Arrernte)
Capparis mollicella Standl.
Capparis monii

رسم Capparis "sepiaria", يوضح أجزاءها. فرانشسكو مانويل بلانكو، Flora de Filipinas, etc (1880-1883)

Capparis nobilis (Endl.) F.Muell. ex Benth.
Capparis ornans F.Muell. ex Benth.
Capparis pachyphylla Jacobs
Capparis panamensis Iltis
Capparis prisca J.F.Macbr.
Capparis pyrifolia - Pea-leaved Caper
Capparis roxburghii
Capparis sandwichiana DC. - Hawaiian Caper,^[2] Maiapilo, Pua pilo (Hawaiʻi endemic)^[3]
Capparis sepiaria L. - a cryptic species complex
- Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia (Lam.) Tölken
- Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra (Oliv.) De Wolf
Capparis shanesiana F.Muell.
Capparis sola (Peru)
Capparis spinosa L. - Caper
- Capparis spinosa ssp. nummularia - Wild passionfruit, merne arrutnenge (Arrernte)
Capparis sprucei Eichler
Capparis thozetiana (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
Capparis tomentosa Lam.
Capparis uniflora Woodson
Capparis zeylandica L. (= C. linearis Blanco) - kapchip (Wayuunaiki)^[4]^[5]

أنواع كانت تنضوي تحته سابقاً

Adansonia gregorii F.Muell. (as C. gibbosa A.Cunn.)
Anisocapparis speciosa (Griseb.) Cornejo & H.H.Iltis (as C. speciosa Griseb.)
Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Benedict (as C. albitrunca Burch.)
Boscia oleoides (as Capparis oleoides)
Calanthea pulcherrima (Jacq.) Miers (as C. pulcherrima Jacq.)

Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth) Seem. (as C. scabrida Kunth)
Crateva magna (Lour.) DC. (as C. magna Lour.)
Cynophalla retusa (Griseb.) Cornejo & H. H. Iltis (as C. retusa Griseb.)
Ritchiea reflexa (Thonn.) Gilg & Benedict (as C. reflexa Thonn.)
Sarcotoxicum salicifolium (Griseb.) Cornejo & H.H.Iltis (as C. salicifolia Griseb.)^[5]

انظر أيضاً

Caparica (Almada)

الهامش

^ ^أ ^ب "Genus: Capparis L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-03-31. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ "Capparis sandwichiana". Plant Collections. United States Botanic Garden. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
^ "Capparis sandwichiana". Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
^ Capparis (TSN {{{ID}}}). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ ^أ ^ب "GRIN Species Records of Capparis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

المراجع

Brower, Andrew V.Z. (2006): Problems with DNA barcodes for species delimitation: ‘ten species’ of Astraptes fulgerator reassessed (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 4(2): 127–132. DOI:10.1017/S147720000500191X PDF fulltext
Hébert, Paul D.N.; Penton, Erin H.; Burns, John M.; Janzen, Daniel H. & Hallwachs, Winnie (2004): Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the semitropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. PNAS 101(41): 14812-14817. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0406166101 PDF fulltext Supporting Appendices

[GRIN-1] أ ^ب "Genus: Capparis L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-03-31. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[2] "Capparis sandwichiana". Plant Collections. United States Botanic Garden. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

[3] "Capparis sandwichiana". Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Retrieved 2009-03-07.

[ITIS-4] Capparis (TSN {{{ID}}}). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

[GRINSpecies-5] أ ^ب "GRIN Species Records of Capparis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

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