أدوبي (الطوب)
أدوب (Adobe) هو الطوب اللبن الذي يجفف في الشمس. وكان يستخدم في الأمريكتين لبناء المعابد والأهرامات.
تستخدم هذه الطريقة في البناء باستخدام طوب اللبن مع أضافة نسبة قليلة من التبن (القش المكسر والناعم) لجبلة الطين قبل تقطيع الطوب لتجفيفه تحت أشعة الشمس، فأن أكثر البيوت والأكواخ في الريف العراقي مبنية بهذه الأسلوب ولحد يومنا هذا.
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أدوبي حول العالم
The largest structure ever made from adobe (bricks) was the قلعة بم, which suffered serious damage (up to 80%) by an earthquake on 26 ديسمبر 2003. Other large adobe structures are the Huaca del Sol in پيرو, with 100 million signed bricks, the ciudellas of Chan Chan and Tambo Colorado, both في پيرو (في أمريكا الجنوبية).
Still in production today, دلتا الدانوب في رومانيا
Mixing mud and straw in brick frames
Community effort
Adobe brick house under construction in قيرغيزستان
Adobe brick house under construction in رومانيا
An adobe wall in مدينة لينشيا، گانسو، الصين
Poeh Museum tower, the tallest adobe structure in نيو مكسيكو، الولايات المتحدة
المسجد الجامع في جني، مبنى شهير شُيد من banco, a type of adobe
انظر أيضا
- Cob (building)
- Compressed earth block
- Earth structure
- حسن فتحي
- Mudbrick
- Qalat (fortress)
- Rammed earth
- San Xavier del Bac
- Sod house
- Super Adobe
- Wattle and daub
- Cas di torto
- Monterey Colonial architecture used adobe walls
الهامش
وصلات خارجية
- Building With Awareness A detailed how-to DVD video that shows adobe wall construction and their use as thermal mass walls
- Cal-Earth (The California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture) has developed a patented system called Superadobe, in which bags filled with stabilized earth are layered with strands of barbed wire to form a structure strong enough to withstand earthquakes, fire and flood.
- Earth Architecture - A website whose focus is contemporary issues in earth architecture.
- Earth Architecture and Conservation in East Anglia - British organisation that focuses on the proper maintenance and conservation of earth buildings in a region of the UK that has a long history of building with mud.
- Kerpic.org - A website on earthen architecture researches stabilized with gypsum.
- Kleiwerks - International organization recognized for their unique contribution to modern earthen and natural building techniques throughout the world, their focus is on education through hands on experience. Very experienced experts are contactable and there are regular demonstrations in the area.
- Valle de Sensaciones - Artistic construction with adobe, Experimental ground and theme park for creative living close to nature
- World Monuments Fund - Adobe Missions of New Mexico - Description of a project of the World Monuments Fund for the preservation of adobe churches in New Mexico, in the United States.