1736
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تحويل 1-1-1736م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1736م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1736
سنة 1736 (MDCCXXXVI) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم الأحد (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1736 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 736 في الألفية 2، السنة 36 في القرن 18، والسنة 7 في عقد 1730 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1736 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
- 12 يناير - George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney، يصبح ثاني فيلد مارشال في بريطانيا العظمى.
- 23 يناير - Civil Code of 1734 يُمرر في السويد.
- 26 يناير - Stanislaus I of Poland يتنازل عن العرش.
- 27 يناير - an assembly of provincial governors and notables gathered in the plain of Mughan يعلن الجنرال التركماني أفشار نادر شاه من فارس بعد الإطاحة بآخر الصفويين، طهماسپ الثاني وابنه عباس الثالث.
- 12 فبراير - Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor marries Maria Theresa of Austria, ruler of the Habsburg Empire at the Augustinian Church في ڤيينا.
- 8 مارس - نادر شاه، مؤسس الأسرة الأفشارية، يُتوّج شاه إيران في تاريخ يحدده منجمو البلاط.[1]
- 31 مارس - Bellevue Hospital تتأسس في نيويورك.
أبريل-يونيو
- 12 أبريل - المغامر الألماني تيودور فون نويهوف يهبط في ميناء أليريا، كورسيكا، من سفينة بريطانية لدعم الكورسيكيين في نضالهم لنيل الحرية من حكم جمهورية جنوة. وفي 15 مارس، أعلنوا تيودور الأول ملكاً على كورسيكا. According to the constitution issued by Theodore, the hereditary king is dependent on the consent of 24 freely elected Corsicans in government. He resides in the former bishop's palace in Cervione . In order to secure his power, Theodore I expanded the infrastructure, minted coins and ensured regular salaries. He returns the goods confiscated from Genoa , reinstates the top clergy with Corsicans and allows previously forbidden activities such as salt mining and coral collecting. He pushes the Genoese back to their fortified coastal cities and has his generals besiege them there. However, the Corsicans soon fell out among themselves because family honor had absolute priority for them. Among other things, Theodor's most capable general Fabiani is shot in an ambush due to a vendetta. That's why Theodor leaves the island on November 11th to win new supporters. Since the Genoese have put a bounty on his head and are demanding his arrest everywhere, he must move with extreme caution. Assassination attempts are carried out on him in Rome and Paris.
- 14 أبريل - The Porteous Riots erupt in Edinburgh (Scotland), after the execution of smuggler Andrew Wilson, when town guard Captain John Porteous orders his men to fire at the crowd. Porteous is arrested later.
- 19 أبريل - حريق يشب في Stony Stratford, England, consumes 53 houses.[2]
- أبريل - The Genbun era begins in Japan. The era of Kyōhō Reforms ends.
- 8 مايو - Frederick, Prince of Wales, marries Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.
- May 22 - King George II of Great Britain departs for Europe as part of his duties as Elector of Hanover; his wife, Caroline, Queen Consort rules on his behalf as the Regent for the last time until his return on January 14, 1736.[3]
- 26 مايو - معركة أكيا: British and Chickasaw Native Americans defeat French troops.
- 28 مايو - الحرب التركية الروسية (1735–1739) تبدأ. روسيا تغزو خانية القرم. القوات الروسية بقيادة پيتر لاسي تقتحم حصن پريكوپ. وفي 4 يوليو يستولي على مدينة آزوڤ.[4]
- 8 يونيو - Leonhard Euler writes to James Stirling describing the Euler–Maclaurin formula, providing a disconnection between integrals and sums.
- 19 يونيو - A French Academy of Sciences expedition, led by Pierre Louis Maupertuis, with Anders Celsius, begins work on measuring a meridian arc in Meänmaa, Finland.[5]
- 24 يونيو - Witchcraft Act of 1735 in Great Britain comes into effect, criminalizing claimants accusing people of practising witchcraft or of possessing magical powers, intended to end legal witch trials in the early modern period in the country.[6]
يوليو-سبتمبر
- 12 أغسطس - A fire in Saint Petersburg, capital of the Russian Empire, destroys 2,000 buildings, the city's post office, and several palaces.[7]
- September 7 - An Edinburgh crowd drags John Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth Prison, and lynches him.
- September 29 - The Gin Act 1736 goes into effect, placing a steep tax on the sale of gin and license requirements for its sale, with the intent of reducing consumption of the liquor in Britain. Widely ignored, the Act is repealed in 1743. [8]
October–December
- October 3 - French scientist Charles Marie de La Condamine and a team of surveyors begin the first measurements at the Equator to determine the exact meridian arc measurement of distance between points separated by one degree of longitude in order to make a precise calculation of the Earth's circumference. [9] The initial measurements of this French Geodesic Mission to the Equator, made in what is now Ecuador, last until November 3. The same year the French Geodesic Mission to Lapland took place. Both confirm Isaac Newton's prediction that the Figure of the Earth is flattened at the poles.
- November 5 - King Theodore of Corsica flees the island after a reign of seven months and the kingdom reverts to French control. [10]
- November 13 - Word of the discovery of silver, south of what is now the U.S.-Mexican border, reaches Sonora Governor Juan Bautista Anza and soon leads to prospectors coming to Nogales to find more silver. [11] Late in October, a Yaqui Indian prospector, Antonio Siraumea, had discovered large slabs of silver ("Las planchas de plata"), and at the Estancia Arizona, a ranch owned by Captain Bernardo de Urrea. The region, and later the U.S. territory, and state of Arizona are named for Urrea's ranch.
- December 7 - Benjamin Franklin builds the first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia.
- December 26 - Andrew Michael Ramsay gives an oration, in which he relates the heritage and internationalism of Freemasonry to that of the Crusades.
Date unknown
- Neustrelitz becomes the capital of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
- Bushehr is founded in Persia.
- The Belgrade Fortress is completed.
- One of the earliest records of use of a bathing machine is made at Scarborough, England.
- Charles Marie de La Condamine, with François Fresneau Gataudière, makes the first scientific observations of rubber, in Ecuador.[12]
- Leonhard Euler produces the first published proof of Fermat's "little theorem".[13]
- Sir Isaac Newton's Method of Fluxions (1671), describing his method of differential calculus, is first published (posthumously) and Thomas Bayes publishes a defense of its logical foundations (anonymously).[14]
- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab writes the Kitab at-tawhidt, marking the beginning of Wahhabism.
- The Haidamakas raid the shtetl of Pavoloch, killing 35.
مواليد
- 7 يناير - أندرو أدمز، قاضي أمريكي (ت. 1797)
- January 19 - James Watt, Scottish inventor (ت. 1819)[15]
- January 25 - Joseph-Louis Lagrange، عالم رياضيات إيطالي المولد (ت. 1813)
- 3 فبراير - Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, Austrian musician (ت. 1809)
- February 29 - Ann Lee, English-born American religious leader (ت. 1784)
- March 20 - راما الأول, First King of Siam (ت. 1809)
- May 8 - Caterina Dolfin, Italian (Venetian) poet (ت. 1793)
- May 10 - George Steevens, English literary critic (ت. 1800)
- May 29 - Patrick Henry, American patriot (ت. 1799)
- June 3 - Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, Prime Minister of Naples (ت. 1811)
- June 7 - Fermín Lasuén, Spanish missionary (ت. 1803)
- June 14 - Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (ت. 1806)
- June 21 - Enoch Poor, American general (ت. 1780)
- June 25 - John Horne Tooke, English politician, philologist (ت. 1812)
- July - Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of the Spanish Province of New Mexico (ت. 1788)
- 9 أغسطس - Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé (ت. 1818)
- August 15 - Alexander Runciman, Scottish painter (ت. 1785)
- August 26 - Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French geologist (ت. 1790)
- September 15 - Jean Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer (ت. 1793)
- September 16 - Carter Braxton, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (ت. 1797)
- October 27 - James Macpherson, Scottish poet (ت. 1796)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Robert Jephson, Irish dramatist (ت. 1803)
- Li Ching-Yuen, Chinese herbalist, martial artist and tactical advisor (d.1933) (claimed)
- Pierre le Pelley I, Seigneur of Sark (ت. 1778)
- Claudius Smith, American revolutionary (ت. 1779)
- Sir James Tylney-Long, 7th Baronet, English politician (ت. 1794)
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وفيات
- 8 يناير - Jean Leclerc (theologian), Swiss theologian and biblical scholar (و. 1657)
- 17 يناير - Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect (و. 1662)
- 31 يناير - Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect (و. 1678)
- 1 فبراير - James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, English politician (و. 1664)
- 7 فبراير - Stephen Gray, English dyer, astronomer, and scientist (و. 1666)
- March 16 - Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (و. 1710)[16]
- 25 مارس - Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect (و. ح. 1661)
- 21 أبريل - Prince Eugene of Savoy, French-born Austrian general (و. 1663)
- April 30 - Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (و. 1668)
- May 9 - Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese politician (و. 1658)
- 6 يونيو - Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye, explorer of New France, eldest son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye (و. 1713)
- July 1 - أحمد الثالث، سلطان عثماني (و. 1673)
- July 7 - William Hardres, British politician (و. 1686)
- August 14 - Victor Honoré Janssens، رسام فلمنكي (و. 1658)
- 6 سبتمبر - John Porteous, Scottish captain (و. ح. 1695)
- 16 سبتمبر - دانيال گابرييل فارنهايت، فيزيائي ومخترع ألماني (و. 1686)
- September 26 - Louise Diane d'Orléans, youngest child of Philippe II, Duke of Orleans (و. 1716)
- October 22 - George Clarke, English politician, architect (و. 1661)
- November 2 - Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French duke (و. 1664)
- December 10 - António Manoel de Vilhena, Portuguese 66th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (و. 1663)
- December 12 (burial) - Antonina Houbraken, Dutch draughtswoman (و. 1686)
- 22 ديسمبر - Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet، سياسي بريطاني (و. 1655)
- December 26 - Antonio Caldara, Italian composer (و. 1670)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Norwegian heroine (و. 1667)
- Chen Shu, Chinese painter (و. 1660)
المراجع
- ^ Daniel, Elton L. (2001). The History of Iran. Greenwood Press. p. 95.
- ^ The British Chronologist. 1789.
- ^ Rosse, J. Willoughby (1858). "George II". An Index of Dates, Comprehending the Principal Facts in the Chronology and History of the World, from the Earliest to the Present Time. London: Henry G. Bohn. p. 347.
- ^ Chris Cook and Philip Broadhead, The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453-1763 (Taylor & Francis, 2012) p.126
- ^ Piippola, Takalo (July 30, 2002). "Degree measurements by de Maupertuis in the Tornionlaakso Valley 1736-1737". Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 215–216. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p50
- ^ W. H. Wilkins, Caroline, the Illustrious Queen-Consort of George II. and Sometime Queen-Regent: A Study of Her Life and Time, Volume 2 (Longmans, Green, 1901) p20
- ^ Oscar Peschel and Gustav Leipoldt, Physische Erdkunde: Nach den Hinterlassenen Manuscripten Oscar Peschel's (Physical Geography: According to Oscar Peschel's Surviving Manuscripts (Duncker & Humblot, 1879) p. 152
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةCorsica
- ^ Carlos R. Herrera, Juan Bautista de Anza: The King's Governor in New Mexico (University of Oklahoma Press, 2015) p37
- ^ Journal du voyage fait par ordre du roi à l'équateur. Paris. 1751.
- ^ Theorematum Quorundam ad Numeros Primos Spectantium Demonstratio.
- ^ An Introduction to the Doctrine of Fluxions, and a Defence of the Mathematicians Against the Objections of the Author of the Analyst.
- ^ "James Watt | Biography, Inventions, Steam Engine, Significance, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ^ Baker, Christopher, ed. (2002). "Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista (1710-1736)". Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-313-30827-7.