صاموِل تلدن

(تم التحويل من Samuel J. Tilden)
Samuel J. Tilden
SamuelJonesTilden.jpg
25th Governor of New York
في المنصب
January 1, 1875 – December 31, 1876
النائبWilliam Dorsheimer
سبقهJohn Adams Dix
خلـَفهLucius Robinson
Member of the New York State Assembly
from New York County's 18th district
في المنصب
January 1, 1872 – December 31, 1872
سبقهLeander Buck
خلـَفهBarney Biglin
Chair of the New York Democratic Party
في المنصب
August 1866 – September 1874
سبقهDean Richmond
خلـَفهAllen C. Beach
Member of the New York State Assembly from New York County
في المنصب
1846–1847
يخدم with 13 others
(Multi-member district)
سبقهVarious (Multi-member district)
خلـَفهVarious (Multi-member district)
Corporation Counsel of New York City
في المنصب
1843–1844
سبقهAlexander W. Bradford
خلـَفهStephen Sammons
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
Samuel Jones Tilden

(1814-02-09)فبراير 9, 1814
New Lebanon, New York, U.S.
توفيأغسطس 4, 1886(1886-08-04) (aged 72)[1]
Yonkers, New York, U.S.
المثوىGov. Samuel J. Tilden Monument, Cemetery of the Evergreens, New Lebanon, New York
الحزبDemocratic
ارتباطات
سياسية أخرى
Free Soil (1848)
التعليمجامعة يل
جامعة نيويورك
التوقيع

صاموِل جونز تلدن Samuel Jones Tilden ‏(9 فبراير 18144 أغسطس 1886) كان سياسياً أمريكياً وحاكم نيويورك الخامس والعشرون وكان المرشح الديمقراطي للرئاسة في الانتخابات موضع النزاع في 1876. Tilden was the second presidential candidate to lose with a majority of the popular vote and is the only person to win an outright majority of the popular vote in a United States presidential election but lose the election.[أ]

Tilden was born into a wealthy family in New Lebanon, New York. Attracted to politics at a young age, he became a protégé of Martin Van Buren, the eighth President of the United States. After studying at Yale University and New York University School of Law, Tilden began a legal career in New York City, becoming a noted corporate lawyer. He served in the New York State Assembly and helped launch Van Buren's third party, anti-slavery candidacy in the 1848 presidential election. Though he opposed the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Tilden supported the Union during the American Civil War. After the Civil War, Tilden was selected as the chairman of the New York State Democratic Committee, and he managed Democratic nominee Horatio Seymour's campaign in the 1868 presidential election.

Tilden initially cooperated with the state party's Tammany Hall faction, but he broke with them in 1871 due to boss William M. Tweed's rampant corruption. Tilden won election as Governor of New York in 1874, and in that office he helped break up the "Canal Ring". Tilden's battle against public corruption, along with his personal fortune and electoral success in the country's most populous state, made him the leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for president in 1876. Tilden was selected as the nominee on the second ballot of the 1876 Democratic National Convention. In the general election, Tilden faced Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes, another governor with reform credentials. Tilden focused his campaign on civil service reform, support for the gold standard, and opposition to high taxes, but many of his supporters were more concerned with ending Reconstruction in the South.

Most observers initially believed that Tilden had won the election, but disputes in four states left both Tilden and Hayes without a majority of the electoral vote. As Tilden had won 184 electoral votes, one vote shy of a majority, a Hayes victory required that he sweep all of the disputed electoral votes. Against Tilden's wishes, Congress appointed the bipartisan Electoral Commission to settle the controversy. Republicans had a one-seat advantage on the Electoral Commission, and in a series of party-line rulings, ruled that Hayes had won all of the disputed electoral votes. In the Compromise of 1877, Democratic leaders agreed to accept Hayes as the victor in return for the end of Reconstruction. Tilden was a major contender for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 1880 and 1884 presidential elections, but declined to run.

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Early life

Samuel Tilden as a young man


المرشح الديمقراطي صاموِل تيلدن 1876 اعتقد معظم المراقبين في البداية أن تيلدن فاز في الانتخابات، لكن الخلافات في أربع ولايات تركت تيلدن وهايز بدون أغلبية الأصوات الانتخابية. نظرًا لأن تيلدن فاز بـ 184 صوتًا انتخابيًا، تطلب فوز هايز اكتساح جميع الأصوات الانتخابية المتنازع عليها. بعكس رغبات تيلدن، عين الكونجرس لجنة انتخابية للحزبين من أجل تسوية الخلاف. كان لأعضاء الحزب الجمهوري فرصة للحصول على مقعد واحد في اللجنة الانتخابية، وفي سلسلة من الأحكام الحزبية، حكمت أن هايز فاز بجميع الأصوات الانتخابية المتنازع عليها. في تسوية عام 1877، وافق القادة الديمقراطيون على قبول هايز باعتباره المنتصر مقابل إنهاء إعادة الإعمار. كان تيلدن منافسًا رئيسيًا للترشيح الديمقراطي للرئاسة في الانتخابات الرئاسية 1880 و 1884، لكنه رفض الترشح.


ملاحظات

  1. ^ Four candidates have lost a presidential election despite garnering a plurality of the popular vote; Andrew Jackson in 1824; Grover Cleveland in 1888; Al Gore in 2000; and Hillary Clinton in 2016.[2]

الهامش

  1. ^ "TILDEN DEAD. The Great Statesman Passes Away". Los Angeles Herald. California Digital Newspaper Collection. أغسطس 5, 1886. Retrieved أغسطس 2, 2020.
  2. ^ Kernell, Samuel; Jacobson, Gary C.; Kousser, Thad; Vavreck, Lynn (2020). The Logic of American Politics (Ninth ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: CQ Press. p. 507. ISBN 978-1-5443-2301-5 – via Google Books.

ببليوگرافيا

المصادر الثانوية


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المصادر الرئيسية

  • Letters and Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden. Edited by John Bigelow. Volume I (1908) online edition
  • Letters and Literary Memorials of Samuel J. Tilden. Edited by John Bigelow. Volume II (1908) online edition
  • The Writings and Speeches of Samuel J. Tilden. Edited by John Bigelow. Volume I (1885) online edition
  • The Writings and Speeches of Samuel J. Tilden. Edited by John Bigelow. Volume II (1885) online edition

وصلات خارجية

مناصب حزبية
سبقه
Dean Richmond
Chair of the New York Democratic Party
1866–1874
تبعه
Allen C. Beach
سبقه
Francis Kernan
Democratic nominee for Governor of New York
1874
تبعه
Lucius Robinson
سبقه
Horace Greeley
Democratic nominee for President of the United States
1876
تبعه
Winfield Scott Hancock
مجلس نواب نيويورك
سبقه
Leander Buck
Member of the New York Assembly
from New York County's 18th district

1872
تبعه
Barney Biglin
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
جون أدمز ديكس
Governor of New York
1875–1876
تبعه
Lucius Robinson

قالب:United States presidential election, 1876 قالب:United States presidential election, 1880