ملف:Burkian Earth.png

English: A cartoon illustrating the conceptual model of the "Burkian Earth" (named after after Kevin C. A. Burke). The Burkian Earth is a degree-2 planet with two stable antipodal thermo-chemical piles in the lowermost mantle (aka. Large Low Shear-wave Velocity Provinces, LLSVPs, or simply "TUZO" and "JASON"). Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), kimberlites, and active hotspots are sourced by deep plumes rising from the Plume Generation Zones (PGZs) at the margins of TUZO and JASON. Convection in the lower mantle is dominated by nearly vertically sinking slabs and ascending mantle plumes.