معهد الولايات المتحدة للسلام

(تم التحويل من United States Institute of Peace)
معهد السلام الأمريكي
United States Institute of Peace
الاختصارUSIP
الشعار الحاديThink. Act. Teach. Train.
التشكل1984
المقر الرئيسي2301 Constitution Avenue NW, D.C.
الموقع
الرئيس
كيرستن لورد
الميزانية
39.5 مليون دولار
الموقع الإلكترونيusip.org
نموذج للمقر الجديد لمعهد السلام الأمريكي، من تصميم موشيه صفدي. بدأ إنشاؤه في 5 يونيو 2008؛ الموقع على ناصية المول الوطني في واشنطن

معهد السلام الأمريكي أو USIP، هو معهد قومي، غير حزبي، مستقل تم تأسيسه في 1984، أسسه ويموله الكونگرس الأمريكي. أهدافه هي مساعدة:

  • منع وحل صراعات العنف الدولية.
  • العمل على تعزيز التنمية والاستقرار في مرحلة ما بعد الصراعات.
  • زيادة القدرة على إدارة الصراع ، والأدوات ، ورأس المال الفكري في جميع أنحاء العالم.

وقد تم تصميم المعهد ليكون مستقلا وغير حزبي، وهو يهدف إلى انتاج الأبحاث والمشاركة النشطة في مبادرات بناء السلام.[1]

الإنجازات

  • العمل مع قادة المجتمع لبناء سلام قائم على علاقات الجوار في العراق.
  • العمل مع زعماء القبائل، المعلمين، وقادة المجتمع المدني لتدعيم صناعة السلام في السودان.
  • تدريب المئات من القادة الدينيين النيجيريين الصغار، النساء، الشباب من جميع أنحاء البلاد ليصبحوا صناع سلام، والمساعدة على إرساء السلام في أكبر مساحة ممكن في مشهد الأحداث.
  • العمل مع مجلس الأمن الدولي لعقد سلسلة من الاجتماعات بهدف المساعدة على تنمية استراتيجية الولايات المتحدة لمكافحة الإرهاب.
  • تعزيز القدرة على صنع السلام في القادة الدينيين والمنظمات الدينية من خلال الأبحاث، المساعدة التقنية، تيسير الحوار، و الدعم التشغيلي.
  • المساعدة على إرساء دور القانون، وإعادة البنى الأساسية في أماكن مثل أفغانستان، العراق، ليبريا، فلسطين، ونيپال.
  • إصدار سلسلة كتب بارزة عن سلوك ثقافة الحوار، field-defining textbooks on conflict management، والتدريب على طريق الانترنت المتاح عالميا.
  • الاستثمار والعمل مع المنظمات غير الحكومية في 75 بلد وعمل مشروعات خاصة ببناء السلام.


البرامج

يوجد في معهد السلام برامج متنوعة:

  • مركز تحليل ومنع النزاعات[2]
  • مركز الوساطة وحل النزاعات[3]
  • مركز سلام ما بعد النزاع وعمليات الاستقرار[4]
  • مراكز الابداع[5]
  • حكم القانون[6]
  • الدين وصناعة السلام[7]
  • الدبلوماسية الافتراضية[8]
  • مركز التعليم والتدريب/الدولي والمحلي[9]
  • برنامج تدريب[10]
  • مبادرة العالم الإسلامي[11]

The USIP offers free online certificate training courses in conflict analysis and resolution[12] and holds events that are open to the public (audio archives of events are frequently available).[13]

Courses include actual case studies of التطهير العرقي في رواندا and escalating armed conflict in Kosovo.[12]

المسابقة العالمية لمقال في معهد السلام

يرعى المعهد مسابقة سنوية في مقال عن السلام الوطني لطلبة المدارس الثانوية. The USIP sponsors an annual national peace essay contest for high school students.

مجموعة دراسة العراق (ISG)

المقالة الرئيسية: مجموعة دراسة العراق

التاريخ

Ambassador George E. Moose, Acting President, U.S. Institute of Peace On September 10, USIP and the Alliance for Peacebuilding (AfP) hosted the 12th annual PeaceCon, the premier global gathering designed to address contemporary challenges in peacebuilding and conflict resolution. For more information about this event, please visit: www.usip.org/events/peacecon-2024-status-quo-no-more
Ambassador George Moose, a president and CEO of the U.S. Institute of Peace

President Ronald Reagan signed the United States Institute of Peace Act in 1984.[14]

Spurred by a grassroots movement in the 1970s and 1980s,[بحاجة لمصدر] Senator Jennings Randolph joined senators Mark Hatfield and Spark Matsunaga and Representative Dan Glickman in an effort to form a national peace academy akin to the national military academies.[15] The 1984 act creating USIP followed from a 1981 recommendation of a commission formed to examine the peace academy issue appointed by President Jimmy Carter and chaired by Matsunaga.

Robert F. Turner was the institute's first president and CEO, holding that position from 1986 to 1987. He was followed by Ambassador Samuel W. Lewis (1987–1992), Ambassador Richard H. Solomon (1992–2012), and former congressman Jim Marshall (2012–2013). Kristin Lord served as acting president (2013–2014). Nancy Lindborg was sworn in as president on February 2, 2015 and served until 2020. Lise Grande was named the new president in October, 2020.[16] She continued in that role until April 24, 2024.[17] George Moose became the acting president and CEO.[18]

In its early years, the institute sought to strengthen international conflict management and peacebuilding. In a 2011 letter of support for USIP, the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs stated that this analytical work has "helped to build the conflict management and resolution field, both as an area of study and as an applied science".[19]

Under Solomon's leadership, the institute expanded its operations in conflict zones and its training programs, initially in the Balkans and, after September 11, 2001, in Afghanistan and Iraq.[20] It also became the home of several congressionally mandated blue-ribbon commissions, including the Iraq Study Group, the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, and the Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel. Today, the institute conducts active programs in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, Sudan, South Sudan, and elsewhere.[21]

In 1996, Congress authorized the Navy to transfer jurisdiction of the federal land—a portion of its Potomac Annex facility on what has been known as Navy Hill—to become the site of the permanent USIP headquarters, across the street from the National Mall at 23rd Street and Constitution Avenue NW, in Washington, D.C.[22] Prior to its construction, the institute leased office space in downtown Washington. Construction of the headquarters building concluded in 2011.

Second Trump administration

President Donald Trump signed an executive order on February 19, 2025, stating that "the non-statutory components and functions" of a handful of governmental entities, including the U.S. Institute of Peace, "shall be eliminated to the maximum extent consistent with applicable law"; instructing them to "reduce the performance of their statutory functions and associated personnel to the minimum presence and function required by law"; and to "submit a report to the director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB director) confirming compliance with this order and stating whether the governmental entity, or any components or functions thereof, are statutorily required and to what extent."[23]

While some have interpreted the executive order as a move to terminate the institute, the United States Institute of Peace Act established the institute as an independent nonprofit institute, and 22 U.S.C. § 4601(b) provides a broad statutory mandate.[14] 22 U.S.C. § 4608 limits the authority of the Office of Management and Budget to reviewing and submitting comments on the institute’s Congressional budget request.[14] Under 22 U.S.C. § 4605(f), the president may remove USIP board members with the approval of the majority of the board or several congressional committees.[24]

In March 2025, Trump said he was firing all USIP board members, except the three ex officio members. Trump also said he was firing institute president Moose and appointing Kenneth Jackson as acting president. The Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) gained access to the USIP building to install Jackson as president. USIP contested the firings and DOGE's access as illegal.[25][26][27][28] USIP leadership filed a lawsuit to stop the Trump administration's actions.[29][30][31]

القيادة

مجلس الادارة

أعضاء بحكم منصبهم

كبار الموظفين

  • President, Richard H. Solomon
  • Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer, Patricia P. Thomson
  • Vice President, Charles E. Nelson
  • Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention (acting), Scott Lasensky
  • Center for Mediation and Conflict Resolution, David R. Smock
  • Center for Post-Conflict Peace and Stability Operations, Daniel. P. Serwer
  • Education and Training/Domestic, Pamela Aall
  • Education and Training Center/International, Michael Lekson
  • Grants and Fellowships, Steven Heydemann

Centers of Innovation

  • Religion and Peacemaking, David R. Smock
  • Rule of Law, Neil Kritz
  • Economies and Conflict, Raymond Gilpin
  • Media, Conflict, and Peacebuilding, Sheldon Himelfarb
  • Science, Technology, and Peacebuilding, Sheldon Himelfarb
  • Management, Michael Graham

أعضاء مجلس الإدارة في 2025

As noted in the previous section, board members may continue to serve on the board until a successor is confirmed. This explains why board members may have term expiration dates in the past.

The current board members اعتبارا من 7 فبراير 2025 (2025-02-07):[32]

المنصب الاسم الحزب تولى المنصب نهاية المدة
الرئيس Sullivan, John J.John J. Sullivan Republican May 2, 2024 May 2, 2028
Vice chair Zirkin, NancyNancy Zirkin Democratic June 4, 2008 January 19, 2011
Member Ansley, JudyJudy Ansley Republican May 26, 2011 September 19, 2015
Member Johnathan Burks Republican August 4, 2022 August 4, 2026
Member Falk, Joseph L.Joseph L. Falk Democratic February 2, 2023 February 2, 2027
Member Gabriel, Edward M.Edward M. Gabriel Democratic August 4, 2022 August 4, 2026
Member Kennedy, KerryKerry Kennedy Democratic June 4, 2008 January 19, 2011
Member Singh, MichaelMichael Singh Republican August 4, 2022 August 4, 2026
Member Swig, MaryMary Swig Democratic August 4, 2022 August 4, 2026
Member Wheelbarger, KathrynKathryn Wheelbarger Republican August 4, 2022 August 4, 2026
Member Zakheim, RogerRoger Zakheim Republican January 30, 2023 January 30, 2027
Member Vacant
Member
(ex officio) 		Marco Rubio Republican January 21, 2025 —
Member
(ex officio) 		Pete Hegseth Republican January 25, 2025 —
Member
(ex officio) 		Garvin, PeterPeter Garvin Independent October 11, 2021 —


المقرات

الأعمال

انظر أيضا

الهوامش

  1. ^ "United States Institute of Peace". Retrieved 2007-02-03.
  2. ^ Official Website, USIP Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention
  3. ^ Official Website, USIP Center for Mediation and Conflict Resolution
  4. ^ Official Website, USIP Center for Post-Conflict Peace and Stability Operations
  5. ^ Official Website, USIP Centers of Innovation
  6. ^ Official Website, USIP Projects to uphold the Rule of Law
  7. ^ Official Website, USIP Activities concerning Religion and Peacemaking
  8. ^ Official Website, USIP Projects on Virtual Diplomacy
  9. ^ Official Website, USIP Education Program
  10. ^ Official Website, USIP Training Program
  11. ^ Official Website, USIP Muslim World Initiative
  12. ^ أ ب Official Website, USIP Online Conflict Analysis Certificate Course
  13. ^ Official Website, USIP Events for the Public
  14. ^ أ ب ت خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة United States Institute of Peace Act
  15. ^ "Below the Radar: A Federal Peace Agency". The New York Times. 2008-06-12. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  16. ^ "Lise Grande Named New President and CEO of the U.S. Institute of Peace". United States Institute of Peace. PR Newswire. 2020-10-01. Archived from the original on 2023-01-25. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  17. ^ "Lise Grande Named New President and CEO of the U.S. Institute of Peace". Reuters. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  18. ^ "George Moose", https://www.usip.org/people/george-e-moose 
  19. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة APSIA Letter of Support
  20. ^ "Leon Panetta Dean Acheson Lecture: "Building Partnership in the 21st Century"". 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
  21. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Peace-Building That Pays Off
  22. ^ "Peace institute approved to begin construction on National Mall". Associated Press. 2007-06-09. Archived from the original on 2013-02-09.
  23. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة order
  24. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة nprusip
  25. ^ Maddow, Rachel (March 17, 2025). "Independent Agency CEO: 'DOGE has broken into our building'". MSNBC.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-03-18.
  26. ^ Lee, Matthew; Megerian, Chris (March 17, 2025). "Trump administration guts board of US Institute of Peace. Group says DOGE arrives". AP News (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-03-18. USIP employees said staffers from Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency entered the building despite protests that the institute is not part of the executive branch. USIP called the police, whose vehicles were outside the building Monday evening.
  27. ^ Kelemen, Michele (March 18, 2025). "DOGE staff entered the U.S. Institute of Peace with D.C. police help". NPR (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2025-03-18.
  28. ^ Feng, Emily (18 March 2025). "What is the U.S. Institute of Peace and why is Trump trying to shut it down?". NPR (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  29. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة usip-lawsuit
  30. ^ "US Institute of Peace sues Trump administration to block Doge takeover". Associated Press. March 19, 2025. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
  31. ^ "Judge denies request by U.S. Institute of Peace to stop DOGE takeover". The Washington Post (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية).
  32. ^ "Board of Directors". usip.org. The United States Institute of Peace. Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2025.

وصلات خارجية

الكلمات الدالة:
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