الجبال المقدسة للصين

خريطة لجبال الصين المقدسة

الجبال المقدسة للصين تنقسم إلى عدة مجموعات. الجبال الخمس العظمى (simplified Chinese: 五岳; traditional Chinese: 五嶽; pinyin: Wǔyuè) refers to five of the most renowned mountains in Chinese history, and they were the subjects of imperial pilgrimage by emperors throughout ages. They are associated with the supreme God of Heaven and the five main cosmic deities of Chinese traditional religion. The group associated with Buddhism is referred to as the Four Sacred Mountains of Buddhism (四大佛教名山; Sì dà fójiào míngshān), and the group associated with Taoism is referred to as the Four Sacred Mountains of Taoism (四大道教名山; Sì dà dàojiào míngshān).

The sacred mountains have all been important destinations for pilgrimage, the Chinese expression for pilgrimage (朝圣; 朝聖; cháoshèng) being a shortened version of an expression which means "paying respect to a holy mountain" (朝拜圣山; 朝拜聖山; cháobài shèng shān).

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 الجبال الخمس العظمى

العناصر الخمس، cosmic deities, historical incarnations, chthonic and dragon gods, and planets, associated to the five sacred mountains. This Chinese religious cosmology shows the Yellow Emperor, god of the earth and the year, as the centre of the cosmos, and the four gods of the directions and the seasons as his emanations. The diagram is based on the Huainanzi.

A Han Dynasty tile emblematically representing the five cardinal directions.

The Five Great Mountains or Wuyue are arranged according to the five cardinal directions of Chinese geomancy, which includes the center as a direction. The grouping of the five mountains appeared during the Warring States period (475 BC – 221 BC), and the term Wuyue ("Five Summits") was made popular during the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty 140-87 BC. In Chinese traditional religion they have cosmological and theological significance as the representation, on the physical plane of earth, of the ordered world emanating from the God of Heaven (Tian–Shangdi), inscribing the Chinese territory as a tán (壇; 'altar'), the Chinese concept equivalent of the Indian mandala.

 انظر أيضاً

• الجبال المقدسة
• Grotto-heavens, Sacred grottoes, sometimes associated with sacred mountains

 جبال أخرى ذات أهمية روحية/دينية في الصين

• Three Famous Mountains (Three Shan, 三山)
  • Mount Huang
  • جبل لو
  • Yandang
• Five Garrison Mountains (Five Zhen, 五镇)
  • Yiwulü Mountain
  • جبل يي
  • Mount Wu
  • Mount Huo
  • Kuaiji
• Mount Lao
• Mount Mian
• Mount Sanqing
• Gongga
• Mount Changbai - regarded by Manchus of the Qing dynasty as Holy Mountain
• Kunlun Mountains - the location of the peach tree of immortality wardened by Xiwangmu, the Queen Mother of the West
• Mount Tian
• Three Holy Mountain Peaks at Daocheng
  • Chanodug
  • Chenresig
  • Jambeyang
• Four Sacred Mountains in Tibetan Buddhism
  • Amne Machin
  • Kailash
  • Ghado Jobo
  • Kawagarbo

 ببليوگرافيا

• Robson, James (2009). Power of Place: The Religious Landscape of the Southern Sacred Peak (Nanyue) in Medieval China. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Asia Center.
• Sun, Xiaochun; Kistemaker, Jacob (1997). The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society. Brill. ISBN 9004107371.

 وصلات خارجية

• Google Maps Pro of 15 Sacred Mountains in China
• Google Earth Map of both Five and Four Sacred Mountains KMZ File
• 中国的宗教与环境 [Religion and the environment in China]. chinadialogue.—Why the five sacred mountains survive in a good ecological state
• A Report on the Nine Sacred Mountains