رينيه كوتي

René Coty
René Coty in 1929.
President of France
في المنصب 16 January 1954 – 8 January 1959
رئيس الوزراء	Joseph Laniel Pierre Mendes-France Edgar Faure Guy Mollet Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury Félix Gaillard Pierre Pflimlin Charles de Gaulle
سبقه	Vincent Auriol
خلـَفه	Charles de Gaulle
Co-Prince of Andorra
في المنصب 16 January 1954 – 8 January 1959
سبقه	Vincent Auriol
خلـَفه	Charles de Gaulle
Member of the French Senate
في المنصب 7 November 1948 – 23 December 1953
الدائرة الانتخابية	Seine-Maritime
في المنصب 14 January 1936 – 1 January 1944
الدائرة الانتخابية	Seine-Maritime
Minister of Reconstruction and Urban Development
في المنصب 24 November 1947 – 7 September 1948
رئيس الوزراء	Robert Schuman, André Marie
سبقه	Jean Letourneau
خلـَفه	Eugène Claudius-Petit
Member of the French National Assembly
في المنصب 21 October 1945 – 19 November 1948
الدائرة الانتخابية	Seine-Maritime
في المنصب 10 June 1923 – 31 May 1935
الدائرة الانتخابية	Seine-Maritime
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	Jules Gustave René Coty (1884-03-20)20 مارس 1884 Le Havre, France
توفي	22 نوفمبر 1962(1962-11-22) (aged 78) Le Havre, France
القومية	French
الحزب	Radical-Socialist Party (1908–1923) Democratic Alliance (1923–1940) Independent (1940–1949) National Centre of Independents and Peasants (1949–1962)
الزوج	Germaine Corblet (b.1886) ​ ​ (m. 1907⁠–⁠1955)​ ; her death
الأنجال	Geneviève (1907–1987) Anne-Marie (1909–1987)
المدرسة الأم	University of Caen Normandy
المهنة	Lawyer
الجوائز	Legion of Honour
الخدمة العسكرية
الولاء	France
الفرع/الخدمة	French Army
سنوات الخدمة	1914–1918
الرتبة	Soldier
الوحدة	129th Infantry Regiment
المعارك/الحروب	World War I: Battle of Verdun (1916)

Jules Gustave René Coty (النطق الفرنسي: [ʁəne kɔti]; 20 March 1884 – 22 November 1962) was President of France from 1954 to 1959. He was the second and last president of the Fourth French Republic.

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 Early life and politics

René Coty was born in Le Havre and studied at the University of Caen, where he graduated in 1902, receiving degrees in law and philosophy. He worked as a lawyer in his hometown of Le Havre, specialising in maritime and commercial law.

He also became involved in politics, as a member of the Radical Party, and in 1907 was elected as a district councillor. The following year he was elected to the communal council of Le Havre as a member of the Republican Left group. He retained both of these positions until 1919. Coty also served as a member of the Conseil Général of Seine-Inférieure 1913–1942, holding the post of Vice President from 1932.

With the outbreak of the First World War, Coty volunteered for the army, joining the 129th Infantry Regiment. He fought at the Battle of Verdun. In 1923, Coty entered the Chamber of Deputies, succeeding Jules Siegfried as Deputy for Seine-Inférieure. However, by this stage of his political career he had moved away from the Radical Party, and sat as a member of the Republican Union. Between 13 and 23 December 1930 he served as Under-secretary of State for the Interior in the government of Théodore Steeg.

In 1936, Coty was elected to the Senate for Seine-Inférieure. He was one of the French parliamentarians who, on 10 July 1940, voted to give extraordinary powers to Philippe Pétain, thereby bringing about the Nazi-backed Vichy government. Coty remained relatively inactive during World War II, although he was rehabilitated after the war.

 Postwar life and presidency

He was a member of the Constituent National Assembly from 1944 to 1946, and chaired the right-wing Independent Republican group, which later became part of the National Center of Independents and Peasants. Coty was elected to the National Assembly in 1946 as a Deputy for Seine-Inférieure, and from November 1947 to September 1948, he served as Minister for Reconstruction and Urban Planning in the governments of Robert Schuman and André Marie. Coty was elected as a member of the Council of the Republic in November 1948, and served as Vice President of the Council from 1952.

Coty stood as a candidate for President in 1953, although it was thought unlikely that he would be elected. Nonetheless, and despite twelve successive ballots, right-wing favourite Joseph Laniel failed to obtain the absolute majority required. Following the withdrawal of another key right-wing candidate, Louis Jacquinot, Coty was finally elected in the thirteenth ballot on 23 December 1953, winning 477 votes against the 329 of the socialist Marcel-Edmond Naegelen. He succeeded Vincent Auriol as President on 16 January 1954.

As President of the Republic, Coty was even less active than his predecessor in trying to influence policy. His presidency was troubled by the political instability of the Fourth Republic and the Algerian question. With the deepening of the crisis in 1958, on 29 May of that year, President Coty appealed to Charles de Gaulle, the "most illustrious of Frenchmen" to become the last Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic. Coty had threatened to resign if de Gaulle's appointment was not approved by the National Assembly.

De Gaulle drafted a new constitution, and on 28 September, a referendum took place in which 79.2% of those who voted supported the proposals, which led to the Fifth Republic. De Gaulle was elected as President of the new Republic by parliament in December, and succeeded Coty on 9 January 1959. Coty was a member of the Constitutional Council from 1959 until his death in 1962.

 In popular culture

A photo of President Coty is a running joke in the 2006 French spy spoof OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies.

 See also

• Politics of France

 وصلات خارجية

• "René Coty, Ex-President of France, Dies at 80". The Victoria Advocate, Texas. Associated Press (AP). 23 November 1962. p. 1. Retrieved 18 May 2014. An AP obituary of René Coty, 23 November 1962.

مناصب سياسية
سبقه Vincent Auriol	President of France 1954–1959	تبعه Charles de Gaulle
ألقاب ملكية
سبقه Vincent Auriol and Ramon Iglesias i Navarri	Co-Prince of Andorra 1954–1959 with Ramon Iglesias i Navarri	تبعه Charles de Gaulle and Ramon Iglesias i Navarri