كونتيلاناك
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| أساطير و فولكلور إندونسيا |
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 بوابة إندونيسيا بوابة أساطير |
كونتيلاناك Kuntilanak (اسم إندونيسي)، يُدعى أيضاً پونتياناك (اسم ملايو، بالإندونيسية-الهولندية: boentianak، بالجاوية: ڤونتيانق)، أو ياكشي (في الهندوسية والأساطير الهندوسية) هي شبح أنثى مصاصة دماء في الأساطير الإندونيسية والملاوية. تُعرف أيضاً باسم ماتياناك أو كونتيلاناك، وتٌُتخصر أحياناً إلى كونتي. هذا على الرغم من حقيقة أن التسجيلات الأولى لپونتياناك في تقاليد الملايو تصف الشبح على أنه نشأ من طفل مولود ميتاً.[1][2][3]
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التسمية
Kuntilanak or Pontianak is often described as an astral female spirit; another version of this figure is a woman spirit with long sharp fangs and fingernails. It is similar to the spirit of a woman unable to give birth while her stillborn child was inside her womb. This figure is mainly known to reside in the Kalimantan region containing the city of Pontianak.
The Pontianak can disguise herself using the appearance of a beautiful woman to lure her prey. In Malaysia, lore depicts them as "vampiric" blood-suckers that dissect through the internal organs of men. [4]
The Pontianak is derived from myths and folktales, some of which are particularly popular in Kalimantan (Borneo). Being one of the most famous pieces of Indonesian folklore, it inspired the name of a capital city in the Western Kalimantan region, called Pontianak. The city of Pontianak had a long history, it was founded and infested by ghosts, until Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie fended off the ghosts. After the two shots were fired at the exact same spot, then the sultanate had planned to construct the foundation of a mosque and a palace there at the forest. The first sultan of the Pontianak Sultanate, whose reign lasted from 1771 to 1808, was haunted by these wicked creatures. Today, the place is covered in trees and locals still believe it is haunted by the Pontianak. It is tradition to shoot carbide cannons made from logs to pay tribute to the Sultan.
يُسمى عند شعوب ماوري وغالبية المحيط الهادئ باسم كـهوا kehua،
وفي تاهي باسم كلواي تاني Kluai Tani،
وفي الصين باسم Nü Gui،
وفي اليابان باسم يوريه Yūrei.
المظهر والسلوك
The Kuntilanak (Pontianak) is often depicted as a beautiful woman with pale skin, red eyes, and long black hair. She is often dressed in a blood-smeared white dress. The Kuntilanak is also described as changing into a more monstrous form when she captures her prey which is typically men or helpless people. Because she is bloodthirsty and has a carnivorous nature, a Pontianak can also appear as a beast or a ghost, resembling the Dracula vampire.
Pontianak only appears under the full moon and typically announces her presence with the cries of infants or feminine laughter. It is said that if the sounds are quiet, she is nearby, but if they are loud, she is far away. Some sources also state that a dog howling at night indicates that a Pontianak is present, but not too close; if the dog whines, then a Pontianak is near. Its presence is also said to be heralded by a floral fragrance, identifiable as that of the Plumeria flower, followed by a stench similar to that of a decaying corpse.
The Pontianak kills her victims by using her long fingernails to physically remove their internal organs to be eaten. In cases where the Pontianak desires revenge and retribution against a man, it is said to eviscerate the victim with its hands. If a victim has their eyes open when a Pontianak is near, she will suck them out of their head. The Pontianak is said to locate her prey by the scent of their clean laundry; because of this, some Malaysians refuse to leave any piece of clothing outside their house overnight.
The Pontianak is associated with banana trees, and her spirit is said to reside in them during the day. According to folklore, a Pontianak can be fought off by driving a nail into the hole on the nape of her neck, which causes her to turn into a beautiful woman and a good wife until the nail is removed.
The Indonesian Kuntilanak is similar to the Pontianak in Malaysia, but commonly takes the form of a bird and sucks the blood of virgins and young women. The bird, which makes a "Ke-ke-ke" sound as it flies, may be sent through black magic to make a woman fall ill;[5] the characteristic symptom being vaginal bleeding. When a man approaches her in her female form, the Kuntilanak suddenly turns and reveals that her back is hollow, much like the Sundel bolong the prostitute ghost with her large gaping hole on her back. A Kuntilanak can be subdued by plunging a sharp nail into the top of her head.
في الثقافة العامة
The Kuntilanak has been portrayed in Indonesian and Malaysian horror films and on Indonesian and Malaysian television.
- أفلام ماليزية:
- Pontianak (1957)
- Dendam Pontianak (1957)
- Sumpah Pontianak (1958)
- Anak Pontianak, also known as The Pontianak Child (1958)
- The Return of Pontianak (1963)
- Pontianak Musang Cave (1964)
- Pontianak[6] (1975)
- Pontianak Harum Sundal Malam (2004)
- Perempuan, Pontianak dan Dot Dot Dot (2004)
- Pontianak Harum Sundal Malam 2 (2005)
- The Scream of Pontianak (2005)
- Anak Pontianak TV Series (2007)
- Ponti Anak Remaja (2009)
- Ponti Anak Remaja Mini Series (2010)
- Help! My Girlfriend Is A Pontianak (2011)
- Pontianak vs Oily Man (2012)
- The Nail of Pontianak (2013)
- Misteri Bisikan Pontianak (2013)[7]
- Pontianak Sesat Dalam Kampung Telemovie (2016)
- Dendam Pontianak (2019)
- Ex Aku Pontianak, also known as My Ex Is A Pontianak (2022)
- Pulau (2023)
- أفلام إندونيسية:
- Kuntilanak (1962)
- Kuntilanak (1974)
- Lawang Sewu (2007)
- Casablanca Tunnel (Red Kuntilanak) (2007)
- Kuntilanak's Nest (2008)
- Kuntilanak (2006), Kuntilanak 2 (2007), Kuntilanak 3 (2008)
- Kuntilanak's Morgue (2009)
- Kuntilanak Beranak (2009)[8]
- Nail Demon (2009)[9]
- Santet Kuntilanak (2012)[10]
- Kuntilanak (2018)
- ألعاب حاسوب إندونيسية:
- أفلام سنغافورية:
- Return of Pontianak, also known as Voodoo Magic (2001)
- Dendam Pontianak, also known as Revenge of the Pontianak (2019)[12]
- أفلام هونگ كونگ:
- The Demon's Baby (1998)
- رواية ماليزية:
- روايات سنغافورية:
- Folklore: "Nobody"
- American fiction:
- Supernatural: "Cold Fire"
- Internet Subculture:
انظر أيضاً
المصادر
- ^ Skeat, William Walter (1900). Malay Magic. New York: MacMillan and Co.
- ^ Skeat, Walter William; Blagden, Charles Otto (1906-01-01). Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula (in الإنجليزية). Macmillan and Company, limited.
- ^ Talbot, D. Amaury (1915-01-01). Woman's Mysteries of a Primitive People: The Ibibios of Southern Nigeria (in الإنجليزية). Cassell and Company. pp. 216–217.
- ^ Duile, Timo (2020). "Kuntilanak: Ghost Narratives and Malay Modernity in Pontianak, Indonesia". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 176 (2/3): 279–303. doi:10.1163/22134379-17601001. ISSN 0006-2294. JSTOR 26916440.
- ^ Suara kuntilanak ketawa / Jurig Jurig, 17 August 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VWTdzlOMO0, retrieved on 2023-04-09
- ^ Pontianak (1975) =https://m.imdb.com/title/tt3305344/?ref_=fn_al_tt_2
- ^ Misteri Bisikan Pontianak (2013)=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt3145626/?ref_=fn_al_tt_17
- ^ Nuala, Nayato Fio (2009-02-12), Kuntilanak Beranak, Garneta Haruni, Monique Henry, Dion Wiyoko, Vikri Rahmat, Mitra Pictures, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1369674/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0, retrieved on 2021-03-02
- ^ Purwono, Findo (2009-07-23), Paku Kuntilanak, Dewi Perssik, Heather Storm, Keith Foo, Kiwil, Maxima Pictures, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1462596/, retrieved on 2021-03-02
- ^ Santet Kuntilanak (2012) - IMDb, 8 March 2012, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2251780/, retrieved on 2021-03-02
- ^ "pamali - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
- ^ "Revenge of the Pontianak". IMDb. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
- ^ "The House of Aunts". 2011-12-01. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
وصلات خارجية
- Article by Singaporean paranormal investigators about pontianaks
- "Pontianaks and the Issue of Verisimilitude in Singaporean Cinema" (requires a login and password) — an essay by Dr. Timothy White of the National University of Singapore about the important role played by 1950s and 1960s horror films in the evolution of Pontianak mythology