نقار الخشب

نقار الخشب Woodpeckers
	Hispaniolan Woodpecker
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:	حيوان
Phylum:	الحبليات
Class:	طيور
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	نقاريات
Subfamily:	Picinae
Genera
	Several, see text.

نقار الحشب هو طائر من رتبة البيسيات أو النقاريات.وهي عائلة كبيرة من عائلات الطيور ويوجد منها أكثر من 180 فصيلة في العالم.

وسبب تسمية نقار الخشب بهذا الإسم لعادة الطائر لعمل نقر في الأشجار بمنقاره الحاد. والغرض من ذلك أولا الإشارة إلى منطاق نقوذ كل طائر ، وكذلك للبحث عن يرقات الحشرات داخل لحاء الأشجار.

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الفسيلوجيا والسلوك

التصنيف

الفصائل

هذه هي قائمة بفصائل نقار الخشب مرتبة حسب الرتبة:

Tribe Dendropicini

Golden-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons

Hoffmann's Woodpecker, Melanerpes hoffmannii

Genus Melanerpes
- White Woodpecker, Melanerpes candidus
- Lewis' Woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis
- Guadeloupe Woodpecker, Melanerpes herminieri
- Puerto Rican Woodpecker, Melanerpes portoricensis
- Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
- Acorn Woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus
- Golden-naped Woodpecker, Melanerpes chrysauchen
- Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes pucherani
- Yellow-tufted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cruentatus
- Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes flavifrons
- White-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes cactorum
- Hispaniolan Woodpecker, Melanerpes striatus
- Jamaican Woodpecker, Melanerpes radiolatus
- Golden-cheeked Woodpecker, Melanerpes chrysogenys
- Gray-breasted Woodpecker, Melanerpes hypopolius
- Yucatan Woodpecker, Melanerpes pygmaeus
- Red-crowned Woodpecker, Melanerpes rubricapillus
- Hoffmann's Woodpecker, Melanerpes hoffmannii
- Gila Woodpecker, Melanerpes uropygialis
- Golden-fronted Woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons
- Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus
- West Indian Woodpecker, Melanerpes superciliaris

Genus Sphyrapicus
- Williamson's Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius
- Red-naped Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus nuchalis
- Red-breasted Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber

Genus Xiphidiopicus
- Cuban Woodpecker, Xiphidiopicus percussus (Placement in Dendropicini tentative)

Genus Dendropicos
- Little Grey Woodpecker, Dendropicos elachus
- Speckle-breasted Woodpecker, Dendropicos poecilolaemus
- Abyssinian Woodpecker, Dendropicos abyssinicus
- Cardinal Woodpecker, Dendropicos fuscescens
- Gabon Woodpecker, Dendropicos gabonensis
- Melancholy Woodpecker, Dendropicos lugubris
- Stierling's Woodpecker, Dendropicos stierlingi
- Bearded Woodpecker, Dendropicos namaquus
- Fire-bellied Woodpecker, Dendropicos pyrrhogaster
- Golden-crowned Woodpecker, Dendropicos xantholophus
- Elliot's Woodpecker, Dendropicos elliotii
- Grey Woodpecker, Dendropicos goertae
- African Grey-headed Woodpecker, Dendropicos spodocephalus
- Olive Woodpecker, Dendropicos griseocephalus
- Brown-backed Woodpecker, Dendropicos obsoletus

Genus Dendrocopos
- Sulawesi Woodpecker, Dendrocopos temminckii
- Philippine Woodpecker, Dendrocopos maculatus
- Brown-capped Woodpecker, Dendrocopos nanus
- Sunda Woodpecker, Dendrocopos moluccensis
- Grey-capped Woodpecker, Dendrocopos canicapillus
- Pygmy Woodpecker, Dendrocopos kizuki
- Brown-fronted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos auriceps
- Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos macei
- Stripe-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos atratus
- Yellow-crowned Woodpecker, Dendrocopos mahrattensis
- Arabian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos dorae
- Rufous-bellied Woodpecker, Dendrocopos hyperythrus
- Darjeeling Woodpecker, Dendrocopos darjellensis
- Crimson-breasted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos cathpharius
- Middle Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos medius
- White-backed Woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucotos
- Great Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
- Syrian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus
- White-winged Woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucopterus
- Sind Woodpecker, Dendrocopos assimilis
- Himalayan Woodpecker, Dendrocopos himalayensis

Male (left) and female American Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis. Plate by Louis Agassiz Fuertes.

Genus Picoides - this genus is in need of revision (Moore et al., 2006). See the genus article for more.
- Small group
- Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Picoides minor - previously Dendrocopos
- Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens
- Nuttall's Woodpecker, Picoides nuttallii
- Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Picoides scalaris
- Large group
- Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picoides borealis
- Smoky-brown Woodpecker, Picoides fumigatus
- Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus
- White-headed Woodpecker, Picoides albolarvatus
- Strickland's Woodpecker, Picoides stricklandi
- Arizona Woodpecker, Picoides arizonae
- Three-toed group (Picoides sensu stricto)
- Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus
- American Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis
- Black-backed Woodpecker, Picoides arcticus

Genus Veniliornis
- Red-rumped Woodpecker, Veniliornis kirkii
- Golden-collared Woodpecker, Veniliornis cassini
- Choco Woodpecker, Veniliornis chocoensis
- Yellow-eared Woodpecker, Veniliornis maculifrons
- Red-stained Woodpecker, Veniliornis affinis
- Bar-bellied Woodpecker, Veniliornis nigriceps
- Scarlet-backed Woodpecker, Veniliornis callonotus
- Yellow-vented Woodpecker, Veniliornis dignus
- Little Woodpecker, Veniliornis passerinus
- Dot-fronted Woodpecker, Veniliornis frontalis
- Blood-colored Woodpecker, Veniliornis sanguineus
- White-spotted Woodpecker, Veniliornis spilogaster
- Striped Woodpecker, Veniliornis lignarius
- Checkered Woodpecker, Veniliornis mixtus

Tribe Malarpicini

Genus Campethera
- Fine-spotted Woodpecker, Campethera punctuligera
- Nubian Woodpecker, Campethera nubica
- Bennett's Woodpecker, Campethera bennettii
- Reichenow's Woodpecker, Campethera scriptoricauda
- Golden-tailed Woodpecker, Campethera abingoni
- Mombasa Woodpecker, Campethera mombassica
- Knysna Woodpecker, Campethera notata
- Little Green Woodpecker, Campethera maculosa
- Green-backed Woodpecker, Campethera cailliautii
- Tullberg's Woodpecker, Campethera tullbergi
- Buff-spotted Woodpecker, Campethera nivosa
- Brown-eared Woodpecker, Campethera caroli

Black-rumped Flameback, Dinopium benghalense

Genus Geocolaptes
- Ground Woodpecker, Geocolaptes olivaceus

Genus Dinopium
- Olive-backed Woodpecker, Dinopium rafflesii
- Himalayan Flameback, Dinopium shorii
- Common Flameback, Dinopium javanense
- Black-rumped Flameback, Dinopium benghalense

Genus Meiglyptes
- Buff-rumped Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tristis
  - Javan Buff-rumped Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tristis tristis - extinct (c.1920)
- Black-and-buff Woodpecker, Meiglyptes jugularis
- Buff-necked Woodpecker, Meiglyptes tukki

Genus Hemicircus (Placement in Malarpicini tentative)
- Grey-and-buff Woodpecker, Hemicircus concretus
- Heart-spotted Woodpecker, Hemicircus canente

Genus Micropternus (formerly in Celeus)
- Rufous Woodpecker, Micropternus brachyurus

Tribe Picini

Genus Picus
- Banded Woodpecker, Picus mineaceus
- Lesser Yellownape, Picus chlorolophus
- Crimson-winged Woodpecker, Picus puniceus
- Greater Yellownape, Picus flavinucha
- Checker-throated Woodpecker, Picus mentalis
- Streak-breasted Woodpecker, Picus viridanus
- Laced Woodpecker, Picus vittatus
- Streak-throated Woodpecker, Picus xanthopygaeus
- Scaly-bellied Woodpecker, Picus squamatus
- Japanese Woodpecker, Picus awokera
  
  Green Woodpecker searching for insects, depicted in Scientific American Supplement, No. 492, June 6, 1885
- Green Woodpecker, Picus viridis
- Levaillant's Woodpecker, Picus vaillantii
- Red-collared Woodpecker, Picus rabieri
- Black-headed Woodpecker, Picus erythropygius
- Grey-headed Woodpecker, Picus canus

Genus Mulleripicus
- Ashy Woodpecker, Mulleripicus fulvus
- Sooty Woodpecker, Mulleripicus funebris
- Great Slaty Woodpecker, Mulleripicus pulverulentus

Genus Dryocopus
- Helmeted Woodpecker, Dryocopus galeatus
- Lineated Woodpecker, Dryocopus lineatus
- Pileated Woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus
- Black-bodied Woodpecker, Dryocopus schulzi
- White-bellied Woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis
- Andaman Woodpecker, Dryocopus hodgei
- Black Woodpecker, Dryocopus martius

Genus Celeus
- Cinnamon Woodpecker, Celeus loricatus
- Scaly-breasted Woodpecker, Celeus grammicus
- Waved Woodpecker, Celeus undatus
- Chestnut-colored Woodpecker, Celeus castaneus
- Chestnut Woodpecker, Celeus elegans
- Pale-crested Woodpecker, Celeus lugubris
- Blond-crested Woodpecker, Celeus flavescens
- Cream-colored Woodpecker, Celeus flavus
- Rufous-headed Woodpecker, Celeus spectabilis
- Caatinga Woodpecker, Celeus obrieni
- Ringed Woodpecker, Celeus torquatus

Genus Piculus
- Rufous-winged Woodpecker, Piculus simplex
- Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker, Piculus callopterus
- Lita Woodpecker, Piculus litae
- White-throated Woodpecker, Piculus leucolaemus
- Yellow-throated Woodpecker, Piculus flavigula
- Golden-green Woodpecker, Piculus chrysochloros
- Yellow-browed Woodpecker, Piculus aurulentus

Genus Colaptes
- Golden-olive Woodpecker, Colaptes rubiginosus
- Gray-crowned Woodpecker, Colaptes auricularis
- Crimson-mantled Woodpecker, Colaptes rivolii
- Black-necked Woodpecker, Colaptes atricollis
- Spot-breasted Woodpecker, Colaptes punctigula
- Green-barred Woodpecker, Colaptes melanochloros
  - Golden-breasted Woodpecker, Colaptes (melanochloros) melanolaimus
- Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus
  - Yellow-shafted Flicker, Colaptes (auratus) auratus
  - Red-shafted Flicker, Colaptes (auratus) cafer
  - Guadalupe Flicker, Colaptes auratus/cafer rufipileus - extinct (c.1910)
- Gilded Flicker, Colaptes chrysoides
- Fernandina's Flicker, Colaptes fernandinae
- Chilean Flicker, Colaptes pitius
- Andean Flicker, Colaptes rupicola
- Campo Flicker, Colaptes campestris

Tribe Megapicini

Genus Campephilus
- Powerful Woodpecker, Campephilus pollens
- Crimson-bellied Woodpecker, Campephilus haematogaster
- Red-necked Woodpecker, Campephilus rubricollis
- Robust Woodpecker, Campephilus robustus
- Crimson-crested Woodpecker, Campephilus melanoleucos
- Guayaquil Woodpecker, Campephilus gayaquilensis
- Pale-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus guatemalensis
- Cream-backed Woodpecker, Campephilus leucopogon
- Magellanic Woodpecker, Campephilus magellanicus
- Ivory-billed Woodpecker, Campephilus principalis (possibly extinct)
- Imperial Woodpecker, Campephilus imperialis (possibly extinct)

Female Western Ghats Greater Flameback, Chrysocolaptes lucidus socialis

Genus Chrysocolaptes
- White-naped Woodpecker, Chrysocolaptes festivus
- Greater Flameback, Chrysocolaptes lucidus
Genus Reinwardtipicus
- Orange-backed Woodpecker, Reinwardtipicus validus
Genus Blythipicus
- Maroon Woodpecker, Blythipicus rubiginosus
- Bay Woodpecker, Blythipicus pyrrhotis
Genus Gecinulus (Placement in Megapicini tentative)
- Pale-headed Woodpecker, Gecinulus grantia
- Bamboo Woodpecker, Gecinulus viridis
Genus Sapheopipo (Placement in Megapicini tentative)
- Okinawa Woodpecker, Sapheopipo noguchii

وصلات خارجية

Woodpecker videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Anatomy and Evolution of the Woodpecker's Tongue

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المصادر