الأخدرية
| الأخدرية Onagraceae | |
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| Dwarf Fireweed (Epilobium latifolium) | |
| التصنيف العلمي | |
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| Family: | Onagraceae |
| أجناس | |
| Synonyms | |
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الأخدرية Onagraceae، هي فصيلة تضم 30 جنساً و700 نوع،[3] ينتشر أغلبها في المناطق المعتدلة الأمريكية، من المناطق boreal to المدارية. سميت كذلك نسبة إلى أوراقها التي تشبه أذن الأخدري وهو حيوان من الفصيلة الخيليّة.
The family includes a number of popular garden plants, including evening primroses (Oenothera) and fuchsias (Fuchsia). Some, particularly the willowherbs (Epilobium), are common weeds in gardens and rapidly colonize disturbed habitats in the wild. One such species is fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium).
The family is characterised by flowers with usually four sepals and petals; in some genera, such as Fuchsia, the sepals are as brightly coloured as the petals.
The seeds are generally very small. In some genera, such as Epilobium, they have tufts of hairs[4] and are dispersed on the wind. In others, such as Fuchsia, the seeds develop in juicy berries dispersed by animals. The leaves are commonly opposite or whorled, but are spirally arranged in some species; in most, they are simple and lanceolate in shape. The pollen grains in many genera are loosely held together by viscin threads. Most bees cannot collect it, and only bees with specialized morphologies can effectively pollinate the flowers; nearly all bee taxa that visit the flowers are oligoleges specialized on the family Onagraceae.
The family was named after the genus Onagra (now known as Oenothera) in 1836 by John Lindley in the second edition of A Natural System of Botany.
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أجناسها وأماكن تواجدها
تتمثل في العالم العربي بثلاثة أجناس وعشرة أنواع وهي: السنفي (ابيلوبيوم Epilobium) وفيه 7أنواع، واللدويجية Ludwigia وفيها نوعان، والسرسية Circaea وفيها نوع وحيد. تتميز من الفصيلة الخثرية بزيادة صفتها العشبية، وبأنها رباعية الأجزاء الزهرية، وسفلية المبيض، وشعاعية شكل الأزهار، استعملت أخدرية لامارك Oenothera lamarckiana في أبحاث الطفرات من قبل الباحث دوفريس De Vries، والفوشية أو الفكسية Fuchsia التي تضم 50 نوعاً تنبت في جنوبي أمريكة ونيوزيلندة، وهو نبات زينة معمر يتميز بأزهاره الحمراء البنفسجية التي تسمى زهرة الجميل في منطقة دمشق. كما أن الإكلركية الأنيقة Clarkia elegans نبات زينة حولي من أصل أمريكي شمالي.
Subfamily Ludwigioideae
Subfamily Onagroideae
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Several genera are synonymized in the classification presented above, in particular Calylophus and Gaura, which have both been absorbed into Oenothera but appear often in the literature as belonging to the previous genera.
معرض صور
المصادر
- Smithsonian Institution: Onagraceae classification
- Ford, V.S. & Gottlieb, L.D. (2007). Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences. Systematic Botany 32(2):348-356.
- ^ "Myrtales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ^ "Family: Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-04-12. Archived from the original on 2012-01-26. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ Ford, V. S.; Gottlieb, L. D. (2007). "Tribal Relationships within Onagraceae Inferred from PgiC Sequences". Systematic Botany. 32 (2): 348–356. doi:10.1600/036364407781179725. JSTOR 25064249. S2CID 86207688.
- ^ Epilobium. Flora of China.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae subfamily Ludwigioideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Circaeeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ Christian Geier, Johannes M. Bouchal, Silvia Ulrich, Dieter Uhl, Torsten Wappler, Sonja Wedmann, Reinhard Zetter, Jürg Schönenberger, Friðgeir Grímsson (2023). Potential pollinators and paleoecological aspects of Eocene Ludwigia (Onagraceae) from Eckfeld, Germany. Palaeoworld, 2023, ISSN 1871-174X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2023.07.003.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Epilobieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Gongylocarpeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Hauyeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Lopezieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ أ ب "Oenothera". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Onagreae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-10-29.